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2012年12月英语四级六级语法：宾语从句
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。
1. 大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句;
2. 1)从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连
2)从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换
3)从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑问代、副词作引导词
例1：
He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.
他告诉我他明年上大学。
例2：
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车。
3. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
4. 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
真题示例：
Some psychologists claim that people__________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).
1. 本题考查宾语从句，需用陈述语序
2. 主句为一般现在时，从句根据具体情况定，此处用一般现在时即可表达清楚
3. 感到孤独：feel lonely ;出门在外：far away from home或travelling等可以。
答案：might feel lonely when they are far(away) from home 或might feel lonely when they are traveling (they are not in their hometown)
实战演练：
1. I wonder __________ he is crying now.
A. that B. why C. how D. when
2. Could you tell me how much __________ to fly to Hainan?
A. do it cost B. does it cost C. it cost D. it costs
3. That is the day __________I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
4. The poor young man is ready to accept __________ help he can get.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever
5. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ___________ his teammates had done.
A. what B. which C. why D. while
6. Please tell me __________.
A. what does he like B. what he does like
C. what he likes D. what he like
7. My sister told him _________.
A. what day was it B. when the train arrived
C. who she was waiting D. where did you live
8. Could you show me ___________?
A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station
C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station
9. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ___________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
10. Can you lend me the book ___________the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
翻译演练：
1. He explains ______________(限制不再适合于他)because he’s over eighteen.
2. To our surprise, the report said ______________(设计失误导致了悲剧).
3. Little did I know ______________(多少经验能够使我受益).
答案及解析：
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9.C 10. A
翻译答案：
1. the restriction no longer applies to him
2. design faults lead to the tragedy
3. how much experience would benefit me
【解析】
1. 宾语从句。关系副词why充当wonder的宾语，that不能充当任何成分，其他关系副词不符合句意。句意为：我想知道他现在为什么在哭。
2. 宾语从句中使用陈述语句，主句是一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时。
3. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
4. 本题考查的引导词引导宾语从句，同时作get的宾语。B、D两项在句中是作状语的;由于没有给出明确的指代物，故A项也不合适;答案为C。
5. 由句式结构可知mention后为宾语从句;do作实意动词时为及物动词，故空格处需要既能作do的宾语，又能引导宾语从句的连词，答案为A。
6. 陈述语句中，从句用陈述语序。
7. 宾语从句中，从句用陈述语序，排除A、D;C选项中，who不能充当tell sb sth中的sth这一直接宾语的成分。
8. 宾语从句中，从句用陈述语序，从句和主句的时态需保持一致。因此，选D。
9. “疑问词+不定式”作及物动词know的宾语，选项中it代替了the land，故正确答案为C。
10. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
翻译：
1. 所译部分为explain的宾语从句，需要完整的句子，并且主干为一般现在时，从句中也应该为一般现在时。“适用于”apply to。apply for“申请”。
2. 宾语从句：所译部分作整个句子的宾语从句，应该是一个完整的句子，并且主干为过去时，从句中的谓语动词也应该用过去时;“导致”lead to：lead to sth. “导致某事”;“设计失误”design fault。
3. 带疑问词的宾语从句。所译部分作宾语从句，需要一个完整的句子，并且此句含有疑问代词how much;“使受益”benefit。
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