英语六级语法:形容词知识点

2014-02-14 10:55:23 字体放大:  

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形容词比较级和最高级的形式

1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成

构成法

原级

比较级

最高级

①一般单音节词末尾加-er和-est

strong

stronger

strongest

②单音节词如果以-e结尾,只加-r和-st

strange

stranger

strangest

③闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er和-est

sad

big

hot

sadder

bigger

hotter

saddest

biggest

hottest

④少数以-y,-er (或-ure), -ow, -ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er和-est (以-y结尾的词,如y前是辅音字母,把y变成i,再加-er和-est,以-e结尾的词仍加-r和-st)

angry

clever

narrow

noble

angrier

cleverer

narrower

nobler

angriest

cleverest

narrowest

noblest

⑤其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most

difficult

more difficult

most difficult

2. 不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式

原级

比较级

最高级

good / well

better

best

bad / ill

worse

worst

many / much

more

most

little

less

least

far

farther / further

farthest / furthest

副词比较级和最高级的形式

副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样。

1. 一般副词

hard — harder — hardest fast — faster — fastest

late — later — latest early — earlier — earliest

2. 特殊副词

well — better — best much — more — most

badly — worse — worst little — less — least

3. 开放类副词

开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er和-est,而应在副词原形前加more或most。如:

quickly — more quickly — most quickly

quietly — more quietly — most quietly

形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法

1. 比较级

1)比较级通常由“形容词(副词)比较级 + than”构成,表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加……”。连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构,有时也可省去than。如:

Mary is happier than Jane.

He lives more happily than I.

2)注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如:

The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than it did for us.

Sound travels faster through water than through air.

3) 比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little等词语来修饰,表示“……得多”,“甚至……”,“更……”,“……一些”等意思。如:

Japan is a little larger than Germany.

用“… times + 形容词的比较级 + than …”句式表示倍数;用“表示数量的词 + 比较级 + than …”来表示具体的比较差别。如:

Our room is twice larger than theirs.

He is a head taller than I.

4) 隐含比较级

①有时比较级并不一定出现than,这时通过上下文可暗示出。如:

Are you feeling better now?

②有些形容词在表示比较的时候,跟 “to”而不用“than”。如:

prior to 较早的,较重要的 superior to 优越,高于

inferior to 下等的,次于 senior to 年长的,地位高的

junior to 年幼的,地位低的 preferable to 更好的

The task is prior to all others.

In maths he felt superior to John.

He is two years senior to me.

Health without riches is preferable to riches without health.

2. 最高级

1)最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,形容词的结构形式是“定冠词 + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + 表示范围的短语或从句”(如of all, of the three, in the world, that has ever taken place等)。 如:

Of all the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known.

2) 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the。如:

He runs fastest of the three.

3) 当用介词短语表明形容词或副词最高级的比较范围,作介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属同一类人或物,并把主语包括在内时,用介词of;如不属于同一类人或物,而只说明在某一时间、空间范围内的比较时,用介词in。如:

He is the tallest of the four boys.

He is the tallest in our class.

4) 可以用原级、比较级、最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思。如:

She is the best student in her class.

She is better than any other student in her class.

No other student in her class is better than she.

No other student in her class is as good as she.

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