以2002年和2003年的职称英语B级和A级的概括大意与完成句子题进行比较:
2002年B级:Electromagnetic Energy
2003年B级:Robots
2002年A级:Electromagnetic Energy
2003年A级:The Weight Experiment
attached materials:
From Electromagnetic Energy
文章特点:文章中句子长度较短，句子结构较为简单。如:
Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle
定语
Tremendous: adj. 巨大的;非常的;非常好的
e.g. a tremendous piano player 一位非常杰出的钢琴家
e.g. We went to a tremendous party.
Synonyms: enormous, giant, gigantic (A级词汇),
glorious, great, huge, immense, magnificent, marvelous
Give off: v. 发出(蒸汽、光等)
Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.
定语从句
From Robots
文章特点:句子结构较为简单。(以下是文章中最长的句子)
Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest
让步状语从句
uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.
补充:
original adj. 最初的;新型的;新颖的; 原版的，原作的n.原物;原作品
e.g.Who was the original owner of this house? 谁是这座房子最早的主人?
e.g. an original invention 新的发明
handle: n. 柄, 把手 v. 处理, 操作vi. 搬运, 易于操纵
synonyms: deal with, manage, manipulate, regulate, run
小结: 理工类A级和B级的概括大意与完成句子题的文章主题通常涉及科技或自然方面,但有时也可能会出现其他主题类文章,如涉及到社会文化甚至疾病健康方面的主题.文章难度低于阅读理解部分的文章难度. 文章结构通常为说明文或论述文. 该部分题通常是从书外出题.
?概括大意与完成句子解题思路
对该短文主要有两项测试任务:1。要求为短文中指定的四个段落个选择一个小标题;2。要求考生补全与短文有关的4个不完整的句子，而这四个句子中通常都不是短文中的直接原句。它们或者是文章中某个句子的”换种说法”,或者是文章中某几个句子的归纳总结句.
概括大意与完成句子题中的概括大意题其实并不需要我们一句一句地读指定的段落的大意，只要我们首先抓住段首句的语义及用词(有必要时再结合段尾句的大意和用词);同时扫视全段，看段落中的核心词语的词义(尤其是特殊句子结构中的名词，动词，形容词和副词的词义)这样往往就可以正确的答题了。
补充:
特殊句子结构: however, but, on the other hand, nevertheless, although, though, even if(表示转折或让步语意);therefore, thus, accordingly, so, consequently, hence, as a result (表示结果);in general, generally, in a word, to sum up, in conclusion(表示总结概括)
段落标题还往往有一个特点，即:选出的小标题里一般应该包含了指定段中的某个出现频率较高的某个词或主题句中的中心词或以其的另一种词性出现，如:原文中的某个核心动词在标题句中是以其名词的形式出现的，这一线索也是帮助我们正确和快速解题的关键。
完成句子部分的题其实和解答完型填空题的基本思路是一致的，唯一的不同是:完型填空是要求考生对词语/短语的选择，而补全短文是要求考生对部分句子结构的选择。所以只要我们熟悉了解完型填空题的方法我们就能较容易地解答这部分题了，总之，语法上及结构搭配的判断是解答完成句子题的关键。
? 概括大意题解题步骤:
1.阅读文章标题,把握文章中心,猜测文章可能结构安排,文章可能涉及内容.
2.仔细分析被选项小标题的特点, 尤其注意有关系项,并可借助被选项的内容猜测文章可能内容.
3.借助文章标题判断距离文章中心的”远近选项”，而通常“远离文章中心的选项”很可能不是答案选项，而“离文章中心近的选项”可能是答案选项。
4.在指定段落中寻找查找特殊结构句子(包括段落中特殊位置处的句子)，并把这些特殊句子中的核心词词义(核心短语语意)与被选项小标题中的核心词进行对比，通常这样都能出答案。
5.如果按照上述的方法还不能直接出答案，可先把该题放一放，接着做下面的题，这样可以把该题的答案选择范围进一步的缩小。
? 完成句子题解题步骤:
1.仔细观察被选项的结构特点和内容组成;
2.直接借助空格处的搭配结构特点或搭配语意解题;
3.先按照上述方法做容易做的题，这样可以缩小答案选择范围;
4.借助题干中的核心词/特征词作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句，确认文章中的直接/间接答案相关句，借助句意确认答案。
本讲教学目的
通过概括大意与完成句子题的讲解帮助考生掌握解答这种题的有效解题方法，并借助文章句子与用词的分析帮助考生对英语的语法和词汇进行回顾和复习。
?例题解析:
Passage 1
2003年理工A级考题
The Weight Experiment
Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lost weight. Being locked in a small room called a ‘calorimeter’(热量测量室)is one way to find out.
1 The signs above the two rooms read simply “Chamber One” and “Chamber Two”. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads “Please do not enter- work in progress” and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.
2 Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.
3 The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.
4 The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. “The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,” says Nicola. And twice