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A Tale of Scottish Rural Life
Lewis Grasses Gibbon’s Sunset Song(1932)was voted“the best Scottish novel of all time”by Scotland’s reading public in 2005.Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland’s poor rural farmers，it has been adapted for stage，film。TV and radio in recent decades.
The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kin Addie，in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I.At its heart is the story of Chris，who is both part of the community and a little outside it.
Grasses Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine(女主人公).We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard—working father;experience tragedy(her mother’s suicide and murder of her twin children);and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman.We see her marry， Lose her husband，then marry again.Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot, believe that she is the creation of a man.
But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris.It is truly a novel of a place and its people.Its opening section tells of Kin Addie’s long history, in a language that imitates the place’s changing patterns of speech and writing.
The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents.It is told from Chris’point of view but also from that of the gossiping community，a community where everybody knows everybody else’s business and nothing is ever forgotten.
Sunset Song has a social theme too.It is concerned with what Grasses Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I.Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this，the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths.In particular, it takes away Chris’husband，Evan Avondale.The war finally kills Evan，but not in the way his widow is told，In fact.the Germans amen’t responsible for his death，but his own side.He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.
If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead.It is a“Sunset Song”but is concerned too with the new Kin Addie，indeed of the new European world. Grasses Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.
41. What is Sunset Song mainly about?
A. The First World War.
B. The beauty of the sunset.
C. The new European world.
D. The lives of rural Scottish farmers
42. Which statement is NOT true of Chris?
A. She is the heroine of Sunset Song.
B. She had a miserable childhood.
C. She is the creation of man.
D. She married only once.
43. What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with?
A .The climate of Kin Addie.
B. The history of Kin Addie.
C. The geography of Kin Addie.
D. The language spoken in Kin Addie.
44. Who killed Chris’husband，Evan?
A. His own troops.
B. The French army
C. The Germans.
D. The Russian soldiers.
45. The word “Sunset” in the title of this novel most probably means
A. the end of the heroine’S life.
B. the end often story.
C. the end of the traditional way of life.
D. the end of the day.
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Rising Tuition in the US
Every Spring，US university administrators gather to discuss the next academic year’s budget.They consider faculty salaries，utility costs for dormitories，new building needs and repairs to old ones.They run the numbers and conclude—it seems，inevitably —that，yet again，the cost of tuition must go up.
According to the US’s College Board，the price of attending a four-year private university in the US rose 81 percent between 2005 and 2006，the numbers continued to rise. 1993 and 2004.________(46)In According to university officials.college cost increases are simply the result of balancing university checkbooks.“Tuition increases at Cedarville University are determined by our revenue needs for each year,”said the university’s president，Dr Bill Brown.“Student tuition pays for 78 percent of the university’s operating costs。”Brown’s school is a private university that enrolls about 3，1 00 undergrads and is consistently.recognized by annual college ranking guides like US News and World Report’s and The Princeton Review’s.__________(47)
Tuition at private universities is set by administration officials and then sent for approval to the school’s board of trustees (监管)all of a state’s public institutions.John Durham，assistant secretary (董事) ________ (48) This board oversees to the board of trustees at East Carolina University(ECU)，explains that state law says that public institutions must make their services available whenever possible to the people of the state for free.Durham said that North Carolina residents only pay 22 percent of the cost of their education• _____(49)State residents attending ECU pay about us$10，000 for tuition room and board before financial aid.
Amid the news about continued increases in college costs，however，there is some good news.Tuition increases have been accompanied by roughly equal increases in financial aid at almost every university.To receive financial aid，US students complete a formal application with the federal government. The federal government then decides whittler an applicant is eligible(有资格的)for grants or loans________(50)
A. The application is then sent to the student's university, where the school itself will decide whether free money will be given to the student and how much
B. At public universities, however, tuition increases must also be approved by a state education committee, sometimes called the board of governors
C. The school currently charges US$23,410 a year for tuition.
D. Many American people are simply unable to pay the growing cost of food
E. That's more than double the rate of inflation.
F. The state government covers the rest
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Paperor Plastic?
Take a walk along the C.hesapeake Bay, and you are likely to seeplastic bags floating in the water.They have made their_______(51)into localwaterways and，from there，into the bay, where they can________(52)wildlife.Pilesof them show up in landfills(垃圾填埋地)and on city streets.Plastic bags also take anenvironmental toll(代价)in the__________(53)of millions of barrels of oil expendedevery year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis and you will see plasticbags_______(54)free in department stores and supermarkets.Alderman(市议员)SamShoeshine has introduced a well-meaning_______(55)to ban retailers fromdistributing plastic shopping bags up Maryland’S capital.Instead，retailers wouldbe required to recycled paper and to sell reusable bags.The city ofBaltimore.similar measure.Opponents of the are harmful，too：They cost moreto’make;they_______(58)，however_______(56)bags made of________(57)a argue thatpaper bags_______(59)more resources to.transport
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