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第一篇Centers of the Great European Cities
The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition people gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night.A mixture of locals and tourists make for’an exciting，metropolitan atmosphere.
Squares，plazas(广场)and arcades(拱廊)form the heart of Europe’s cities
Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco—a beautiful square surrounded by sn0Ps， churches，restaurants and cafes.In Barcelona，Spain，La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods.London’s Covent Garden IS filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats(杂技演员)and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive• In London，the serve as a beautiful backdrop(背景)to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.
These vibrant(有活力的)hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently.“The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don’t see all the mistakes，”said Garreau ”l hose have all been removed.”Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and caf6s were near to people homes Today the focus of many Europeans，life has moved away from the centers.They live in the suburbs and Outskirts.driving to supermarkets to get their supplies.But on a continent where people treasure convention，there are still those who hold onto traditional ways，ling and shopping locally.These people，together with tourists，provide the city centers with their reason for existence. Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing this is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. this‘s skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos(浓咖啡)and cigarettes.
Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere.People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis.Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets，cafes and bars In the surrounding streets.An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo.The huge marble cathedral in Florence，Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops，and caters not only to the tourist crowds，but also the local community.
31. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe
A. has many large squares.
B. has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.
C. has a center where tourists meet their spouses.
D. draws tourists in large numbers every year.
32. Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden?
A. It is crowded with people.
B. It is located in London.
C. It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes
D. It is filled with stalls.
33. Why do people think that Venice is so great?
A. Because it is a famous tourist attraction.
B. Because you can reach anywhere by boat.
C. Because all the mistakes have been removed.
D. Because it is well-known for its merchants.
34. What are Parisians famous for?
A. Their enthusiasm for conversation.
B. Their pursuit of independence.
C. Their ability to keep the city flourishing.
D. Their devotion to developing a multiple culture.
35. The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that
A. all churches are magnificent.
B. there is a tight link between church and society.
C. old churches are very popular.
D. high-rise churches are impressive.
第二篇
Real-World Robots
When you think Of a robot，do you imagine a shiny ,metallic device having the same general shape as a human being，performing humanlike functions，and responding to your questions in a monotone(单调的)voice accentuated(强调)by high-pitched tones and beeps This is the way many of US imagine a robot，but in the real world a robot is not humanoid at all.instead，a robot often is a voiceless ,box- shaped machine that efficiently carries Out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today" s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence，that is，a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence，such as reasoning，drawing conclusions，and learning from past
A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced.A robot does，however，move from place to place on wheels and axles(轮轴)that roll and rotate.A robot even has limbs that turn round and move in combination with joints and motors.To find its way in its surroundings, a robot utilizes various built -in sensors.Antennae attached to the robot's base detect anything they bump into.If the robot starts to shake as it moves on an incline，a gyroscope(陀螺仪)inside it senses the vertical differential .TO determine Its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser. light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions(障碍物)in its path•These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer，which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions.As science and technology advance the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial intelligence programs,
36 The writer begins the passage by comparing
A a real-life robot with a fictional robot.
B the shape of a human being with a box.
C an imaginary machine with a human.
D a robot with a computer program.
37 The word “humanoid” in Paragraph 1 means
A lacking human feelings.
B lacking human characteristics.
C having a human form and characteristics
D lacking human intelligence.
38 According to the first paragraph，artificial intelligence is
A the unnatural way in which robots move.
B a voiceless，box—shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks
C a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes
D a sensor that detects troubles in a robot.
39 The last paragraph suggests that future robots will
A surpass human beings in intelligence.
B be more humanlike in behavior and action.
C use a laser to transmit information.
D will perform very complicated household jobs.
40 Another good title for this passage would be
A Robots：Taking the Place of Humans.
B Artificial Intelligence Programs.
C Modern—Day Sensors.
D Today’ S Robots and How They Function
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