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Heart Attack
In the United States, and especially in big cities and rural areas, tens of thousands of people with hearts that should be good 51 to keep them alive die each year for lack of adequate first aid. In New York City, for example, a new study has shown that only one person in 100 outside of hospitals 52 after the heart suddenly stops pumping. In contrast, in Seattle, the survival 53 after such heart attacks is one in five.
“The difference can be traced 54 the effectiveness of the chain of survival,” Dr. Joseph P. Ornato said. “Each link in the 55 must be strong enough for many lives to be 56.”
The chain begins with an immediate telephone 57 for emergency help and the start within four minutes of the process needed for restarting the 58 working, by a family member or bystander. It continues with the prompt arrival within eight 59 ten minutes of a rescuer equipped with a special instrument that can shock the heart back to a normal rhythm. And it ends with the administration of advanced emergency care by nurses to maintain the heart's ability to survive until the doctor at the hospitals take 60.when one or more links in this chain fail or function too slowly, the 61 of a victim surviving heart attack falls rapidly. Because of widespread weaknesses in the chain of 62, experts in emergency heart care estimate that 20,000 to 80,000 people 63 needlessly of heart attack each year, a number comparable to the 55,000 killed annually in automobile 64.
One expert says, “Sending an emergency vehicle to a heart attack victim 65 the special equipment is like having policemen with guns but no bullets. They may put on a good show, but they lack the weapon needed to get the job done.”
51 A. much B. enough C. many D. too
52 A. dies B. stops C. survives D. wakes
53 A. speed B. thing C. people D. rate
54 A. to B. at C. form D. on
55 A. list B. process C. step D. chain
56 A. saved B. taken C. born D. accepted
57 A. number B. call C. line D. worker
58 A. person B. brain C. heart D. body
59 A. by B. to C. and D. toward
60 A. over B. about C. on D. out
61 A. cause B. start C. event D. chance
62 A. survival B. luck C. help D. death
63 A. live B. die C. survive D. come
64 A. production B. incidents C. accidents D. troubles
65 A. without B. at C. with D. by
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