职称英语综合类完形填空:An Absent-minded Professor

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职称英语综合类完形填空:An Absent-minded Professor

PASSAGE 4

Cost as a Factor in Supply

In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his products and the products __1__ his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or __2__ the market price. However, in considering the price, he must take cost of production __3__. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for __4__ a short time. However, no business person can __5__ lose money for a prolonged period. He must __6__ of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.

Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease. __7__ mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, __8__ logic and practical experience have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists __9__ this principle as the law of increasing costs.

The reason __10__ rise as production goes up is complex. However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, resulting __11__ competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs __12__ skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get __13__ from other sources. This can be done by __14__ higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, __15__ not all land is equally fertile and not all ore is equally rich in the mineral wanted.

1. A) to B) at C) of D) on

2. A) below B) beneath C) over D) above

3. A) to consider B) into consideration C) to consideration D) in consideration

4. A) he believes will be B) what he believes be C) what he believes will be D) he believes to be

5. A) afford to B) be affordable C) be afforded to D) have afforded

6. A) constantly aware B) constantly knowledgeable of C) be constantly aware of D) constantly aware of

7. A) Because B) Since C) When D) While

PASSAGE 8

An Absent-minded Professor

Professor Smith lived alone. He was very absent-minded. He used to __1__ the university to give a lecture and find that he had forgotten to bring his notes. Or he __2__ lose his spectacles and be unable to see the __3__. He could never find any chalk to __4__ with, and he often forgot the time and would ramble __5__ for hours because he had __6__ his watch at home. But the most __7__ thing of all about him was his __8__. His overcoat was rarely __9__, as most of the buttons were __10__. His shoes were usually untied because he had lost the laces. He __11__ his comb as well because his hair was always standing __12__, that is unless he was __13__ his battered old hat with the brim missing. His trousers were __14__ by an old tie instead of a belt. He was a chain smoker. He would smoke __15__ in class. Cigarette ash was liberally scattered over his waistcoat.

1. A) arrive in B) arrive at C) arrive D) arriving

2. A) was used to B) was accustomed to C) could D) would

3. A) blackboard B) floor C) door D) window

4. A) teach B) deliver C) write D) address

5. A) of B) at C) in D) on

6. A) put B) placed C) left D) forgotten

7. A) exciting B) amazing C) attractive D) delightful

8. A) appearance B) act C) behavior D) conduct

9. A) tied B) fastened C) ironed D) patched

10. A) losing B) falling C) missing D) hanging

11. A) has lost B) loses C) must have lost D) must lose

12. A) on end B) up C) aside D) back

13. A) putting on B) wearing on C) wearing D) having

14. A) rounded up B) stuck together C) put together D) held up

15. A) even B) frequently C) constantly D) continuously

Keys: BDACD CBABC CACDA

PASSAGE 9

Highways in the United States

The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. __1__ these wide modern roads are generally __2__ and well maintained, with few sharp curves and __3__ straight sections, a direct route is not always the most __4__ one. Large highways often pass __5__ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally __6__ large urban centers which means that they become crowded with __7__ traffic during rush hours, __8__ the "fast, direct" way becomes a very slow route. However, there is almost always another route to __9__ if you are not in a hurry. Not for from the relatively new "superhighways", there are often older, __10__ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. __11__ are good lane roads; others are uneven roads curving __12__ the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along hilly cliffs or down frightening hillsides to towns __13__ in deep valleys. Though these are less __14__ routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places __15__ the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.

1. A) Although B) But C) Since D) Because

2. A) uneven B) bumpy C) rough D) smooth

3. A) little B) much C) many D) few

4. A) terrible B) horrible C) tolerable D) enjoyable

5. A) to B) into C) at D) by

6. A) merge B) connect C) combine D) mix

7. A) busy B) small C) large D) heavy

8. A) when B) where C) which D) that

9. A) walk B) go C) take D) fix

10. A) more B) less C) very D) extremely

11. A) All of these B) None of these C) All roads D) Some of these

12. A) out of B) out C) through D) from

13. A) lying B) lie C) lies D) lay

14. A) direct B) indirect C) enjoyable D) beautiful

15. A) these B) which C) that D) where

Keys: ADCDD BDACB DCAAD

8. A) both B) as well as C) also D) but

9. A) refer B) refer to C) call D) are referred to

10. A) cost B) the cost C) the costs D) costs

11. A) from B) in C) / D) for

12. A) less B) numerous C) more D) many

13. A) them B) these C) it D) those

14. A) offering B) cutting C) reducing D) having

15. A) as just B) just as C) because D) while

KEYS: CABCA CDABD BCCAB

PASSAGE 5

Importance of the Public Image

Public image refers to how a company is viewed by is customers, suppliers, and stockholders, by the financial community, by the communities in which it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable ____(1)____, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are.

A firm’s public image ____(2)____ a vital role in the attractiveness of the firm and its products to employees, customers, ____(3)____ to such outsiders as stockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials, as well as diverse special groups. With some things it is ____(4)____ to satisfy all the diverse publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the approval of creditors and stockholders, but ____(5)____ will undoubtedly find resistance from employees who see their ____(6)____ threatened. On the other hand, high-quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval, ____(7)____ low quality products and false claims would be widely looked down upon.

A firm’s public image, ____(8)____ it is good, should be treasured and protected. It is a valuable asset ____(9)____ usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with is publics. If a firm has ____(10)____ a quality image, this is not easily countered or imitated by competitors. ___(11)___ an image may enable a firm to charge higher prices, to woo the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect ____(12)____ favorable creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm’s stock to command a higher price-earnings ratio than other firms in the same industry ____(13)____ such a good reputation and public image.

A number of factors affect the public image of a corporation. ____(14)____ include physical facilities, contacts of outsiders with company employees, product quality and dependability, prices ____(15)____ competitors, customer service, the kind of advertising and the media and programs used, and the use of public relations and publicity.