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3.may/mighthavev-ed
may/mighthavev-ed表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了。may比might表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如:
Ican'tfindmykeys.Imay/mighthaveleftthemattheschoolyesterday.
4.oughtto/shouldhavev-ed和oughtnotto/shouldn'thavev-ed
oughtto/shouldhavev-ed和oughtnotto/shouldn'thavev-ed用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如:
1)Withalltheworkfinished,Ishouldhavegonetothepartylastnight.
2)Yououghtnottomakefunofhim.Heisnottheoneyoulaughatbutlearnfrom.
5.needn'thavev-ed
needn'thavev-ed表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,意为“本没必要…”。例如:
Youneedn'thavewakenmeup;Idon'thavetogotoworktoday.
注:表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must最大,could其次,may更次之,might最小。例如:
“IwonderhowTomknewaboutyourpast.”
“Hemust/could/may/mighthaveheardofitfromMary.”