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本科毕业论文摘要和目录格式

Paragraph writing is a difficulty and weak part in English and it has multiple difficulties. In recent years, with exchanges increasing in economy, politics and culture between China and the world, people have more and more opportunities to use English, such as foreign trade, business, and education activities and so on. All of these are inseparable from the English writing.

Paragraph writing is an important part in English writing. It can directly affect the quality and expressiveness of the articles. Paragraph writing is so important, but how could we write a paragraph well? To write a paragraph, we should follow these steps:

First, we should learn some paragraph writing skills. It includes how to grasp the topic sentence, and then how to develop the topic sentence after determining it, thus the other sentences can be connected with the topic sentence.

Second, it needs a full training of paragraph writing. Thus, it can accurately grasp the dynamics after training, and the paragraph development would not deviate from the topic sentence. There are seven ways to develop paragraphs, that is, examples and details, contrast, analogy, classification, definition, causality and process, etc.

Finally, paragraphs developing skills should be combined with practical training to improve personal writing ability. There are many ways to paragraphs developing skills. The theme of a paragraph can be supported by specific details and causes, or by a series of examples, or by a problem-solution pattern, or by a set of sequential actions, and so on.

In conclusion, paragraph writing is very difficult, but as long as one can learn the methods and skills of paragraph writing and persists in training, it's easy to write a beautiful paragraph.

Key words：Paragraph writing; skills; topic sentence; development; training(3-5个)

摘 要

英文段落写作一直是写作中一个困难且薄弱的部分，面临着多重困境。当前中国与世界的交流日益频繁，人们使用英语的机会也越来越多，如各种外贸、商务、教育活动等，都离不开英语写作。

英语段落写作是英语写作中重要组成部分。段落写(转载自论文之家http://www.papershome.com，请保留此标记。)作这一部分写好了，从某一方面可以直接影响到文章的质量以及文章的表现力。既然段落写作如此重要，那么我们怎么样才能写好一个段落呢?要写好一个段落，我们应该从以下几个方面入手：

首先，应该掌握一些段落写作的技巧。这些技巧包括如何把握主题句，确定主题句之后该怎样发展这个段落，从而至其他的句子能够互相连贯，紧扣主题。

其次，要有充分的段落写作方面的训练。段落写作的训练达到一定的量之后，才能够准确把握发展这个段落的力度，不至于偏离主题句。而发展段落一般手法有例子和细节、对比的、类比、分类、因果、定义和过程这七种方法。

最后，段落的展开技巧与实际的训练结合，从而将个人写作能力提升到一个阶段。段落的展开技巧一般有段落主题借助具体的细节和原因展开、段落主题借助于一系列的例子展开、段落主题借助于一系列的事情展开、段落主题借助于问题-解决模式展开和段落展开借助于一系列的时间顺序的动作这五大方法。

总之，段落写作虽然有难度，但是只要能够掌握一定的方法与技巧，并且持之以恒的训练，想要写好一个优美的段落并非难事。

关键词：段落写作;技巧;主题句;展开;训练

Contents

1. Introduction………………………………………….………………..…………….1

2. The topic sentence……… …………………………………………….….….……..1

3. Coherence ………………………………………………………………..…………3

3.1 Arranging sentences………………………………………………….…………5

3.2 Linking sentences by using pronouns ………….……………………….……...6

3.2.1 Avoiding ambiguous references……………………………………….….6

3.2.2 Avoiding remote or obscure references…………………………….….….6

3.2.3 Avoiding broad references…………………………………...……….…..7

3.2.4 Avoiding pronoun “it” ……………………………...………….……..…..7

4. Ways to develop a paragraph…………………………………………………..……7

4.1 Examples and details……………………………………………………………8

4.2 Comparison and contrast………………………………………………….…….9

4.3 Analogy………………………….……………………………..………….....…9

4.4 Classification…………………….……………………………………...……..10

4.5 Cause and effect…………….……………………………………...………….10

4.6 Definition………………………………………………………………...….…11

4.7 Process…………………………………………………………………………11

5. An application of paragraph writing skills in practice of the topic sentence..……12 5.1 A statement supported by specific details………………………….……….....12

5.2 A statement supported by examples………………………………………...…13

5.3 A statement supported by a list of things………………………………………14

5.4 A statement supported by a problem-solution pattern…………….………...…14

5.5 A statement supported by a set of sequential actions…….………………....…15

6. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………...…16

Bibliography………………………………………………………………..…..…….17

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