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语法详解

虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望，与事实相反的假设，通常分为基本的三种形式。

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟：

If + did / were + ……, …… would

should

could + do (动词原形)

might

If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)

If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)

2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟：

If + had done + ……, …… would (might) have done ……

If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.

(I didn't know your telephone number.)

If you had come here a littleearlier just now, you might have met her.

(You didn't come here earlier.)

3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟：

(1) If + should + v, …… would + v.

(可能性很小)(译作“万一”)

If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.

If I should fail, what should Ido?

(2) If + did / were to + v ……, would + v.

(完全不可能)

If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.

If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.

4. 金牌特殊重点：!

[简单联想记忆]：

● 下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即should + 动词原形，shoud在美国英语中要省略(TOEFL语法考点)。此类常见的动词有

：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建议)insist(坚决要求)，advise, etc.

例句：He suggested that we (should) help them with English.

The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.

● 下列名词后的同位语从句中要用“should + 动词原形”(should可省去)的虚拟。

suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.

He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.

I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.

● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主语+ should + v.

It is strange that you should say such a thing.

It was important that you should tell me all the information.

● wish后的宾语从句中，as if 后的状语从句中，须用下列的虚拟形式：

主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were(指现在)

haddone(指过去)

would+ v.(指将来)

Iwishthat I met my uncle now.

IwishI had met my uncle yesterday.

IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow.

● It is (high) time that …… + did / were ……

It is time that you went to bed.

● would rather that …… + did / were ……

I would rather that you were not here now.

● would sooner that …… + did / were ……

I would sooner that you got up earlier.

I would sooner that you were not my brother.

考试真题

1、If she had worked harder, she_______ .(1986)

A would succeed B had succeeded

C should succeed D would have succeeded

2、I insist that a doctor _______ immediately.(1988)

A has been sent for B sends for C will be sent for D be sent for

3、The rice _______ if you had been more careful.(1988)

A would not be burning B would not burn

C would not have been burnt D would not burnt

4、If my lawyer_______ here last Saturday ,he _______ me from going.(1989)

A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent

C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented

5、Without electricity human life _______ quite different today.(1991)

A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be

6、-If he _______, he _______ that food.

-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(1993)

A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned ;would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken

7、I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _______ , she would have met my brother.(1994)

A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

8、You didn't let me drive. If we_______ in turn, you _______ so tired. (1996)

A. drove; didn't get B. drove; wouldn't get

C. were driving; wouldn't get D. had driven; wouldn't have got

9、If only he ___ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn't suffer so much now.(2000上海)

A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. shouldn't lie

10、What would have happened______, as far as the river bank? (2001上海)

A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther

11、It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(2002上海)

A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen

C. should fall D. were to fall

12、He __________ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (2005北京)

A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t

13、-Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?

-I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. (2005江苏)

A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

14、The workers will go on strike if the demands they _______ put forward are turned down.(2006福建)

A.could B.would C.不填 D.had

15、But for their help,we the program in time.(2009安徽)

A.can not finish B.will not finish

C.had not finished D.could not have finished

16、But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.(2009福建)

A. would not win B. would not have won

C. would win D. would have won

17、This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.

(2009天津)

A. would B. should C. could D. might

18、-T he weather has been very hot and dry.

-Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .(2010北京)

A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died

19、Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he . (2010安徽)

A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy

20、Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(2010福建)

A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow

21、If he _________ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.(2010湖南)

A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow

22、George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _________more on its culture. (2010江苏)

A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused

23、If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010陕西)

A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken

24、-John went to the hospital alone.

- If he _________ me about it, I would have gone with him.(2010天津)

A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told

25、Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_________.(2010浙江)

A. would have been saved B. had been saved

C. will be saved D. was saved

答案：DDCAD BDDCC BBBCD BBDAA CBBDA

以上为大家分享的英语语法虚拟语气考点梳理，希望对大家有所帮助，提高学习成绩！

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