告别了放纵与自由,新学期将我们领进英语的殿堂.一切将要展开新的一页，让我们一起来阅读小升初基本语法---动词吧~~

知识要点

动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。

根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是实义动词(指某个具体的静态如：think, love 等或动态如：run, walk 等)、系动词(常用的是be, feel, get, look, taste等)、助动词(常用的是do, does, did等用来构成否定句及疑问句)、情态动词(常用的有can, may, must, shall, should等，情态动词后一定要跟动词原形)。

1) 动词的基本形式

绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。

A. 第三人称单数形式的构成

一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同：

1. 一般情况下只在动词后加s，如work-works, write-writes.

2. 以o,s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词，后加es，如guess-guesses, mix-mixes,

finish-finishes, catch-catches.

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i加es，如study-studies.

注：不规则变化的有have-has

B. 现在分词的构成

1. 一般情况下在动词后加ing，如study-studying, work-working.

2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加ing，如write-writing,

move-moving.

3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾一个辅音字母，再加ing，如get-getting, begin-beginning.

4. 以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加ing，如lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying.

C. 过去式和过去分词的构成

1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask-asked, work-worked.

2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love-loved, dance-danced.

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i加ed，如try-tried, study-studied.

4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾一个字母，再加ed，如stop-stopped.

练习：

I. 用be 动词的适当形式填空

1. __________ your father a worker﹖ Yes, he __________.

2.They __________ in the classroom.

3.Where __________ my books﹖

4.These ___________her pears.

5.How much _________the T-shirt?

6.How much __________ the socks?

7.Our mother _________forty last year.

8.You can _________ in our school music club.

9.Let's ___________friends.

10.He and I _________friends.

11.Someone __________ in the room.

12. There ____ some apples on the table yesterday.

II.划出每句中正确的词

1.(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa?

2.(Where/What)are your baseball?

3.(Do/Does)Mary have a clock?

4.(Are/Do)they want to see a movie?

5.(Is/Can)she play the violin?

6.I (don't/ doesn't)like hamburgers.

7.Why does Alice (likes/like)music?

8.Who (am/is) your father?

9.(What/What's) her favorite subject?

10.How much (are/is) her socks?

11. I (am, is, was, were) busy last week.

12. Tom and I (am, are, was, were) late for school yesterday.

13. I (walk, walks, walked, walking) to school last Saturday.

14. Rose (does not, did not, ) visit her uncle last month.

15. There (is, was, are, were) a lot of people over there ten years ago.

III.写出下列动词的第三人称单数、现在分词和过去式。

如：look - looks - looking- looked

drink_________ _________ _________

go _________ _________ _________

stay _________ _________ _________

make _________ _________ _________

teach_________ _________ _________

ride _________ _________ _________

have_________ _________ _________

pass_________ _________ _________

carry _________ _________ _________

come_________ _________ _________

watch_________ _________ _________

plant_________ _________ _________

fly_________ _________ ____________

study_________ _________ _________

brush_________ _________ _________

read_________ _________ _________

run _________ _________ _________

write_________ _________ _________

swim_________ _________ _________

get_________ _________ __________

say_________ _________ __________

take _________ _________ _________

see_________ _________ __________

begin_________ _________ _________

dance_________ _________ _________

IV.用所给词的正确形式填空。

1. Let me _______ (help) you find your purse.

2. Would you like__________(buy) things for New Year's Day?

3. I like __________( make) kites.

4. He can________ (skate) better than ME.

5. You must _______( listen) to your teacher in class.

6. They enjoy________(play) basketball.

7. She wants________(watch) cartoons.

8. It's time for us ________( read) books.

知识要点

2). 一般现在时

一般现在时的用法：

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

4. 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语)，但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。 如：The meeting begins at seven.会议7点开始。

5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：

If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.如果你今天下午来，我们将开会。

一般现在时的结构:

1. be动词：主语+be(am ,is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

一般现在时常用的时间词：often, usually, sometimes, every day(week, year...)等。

练习：

I.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.

10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.

14. You always _______(do) your homework well.

15. I _______(be) ill. I'm staying in bed.

16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.

18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.

20.-What day _______(be) it today?

-It's Saturday

II. 改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)

1. Is your brother speak English? __________________

2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________

3. He likes play games after class. __________________

4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________

5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _________________

知识要点

3). 现在进行时

现在进行时的用法：

.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

现在进行时的结构： be+动词ing.

现在进行时常见的标志词：now, Look! Listen!

现在进行时还可以表示将来.如:

He is flying to Beijing tomorrow.他明天将乘飞机去北京。

练习：

I.用所给的动词的正确形式填空：

1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

2. Listen ! Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .

3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.

4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

5. Look! They _______________( have) an English lesson .

6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.

9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _____________(have)supper now

10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

11.It's ten o'clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.

12. What ____he _____(mend)?

13. We _____(play)games now.

14.What ____you____(do) these days?

15. ____he ___(clean) the classroom?

16. Who____(sing)in the next room?

17. The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.

II.单项选择

( )1.Look! He _____their mother do the housework.

A. is helping B. are help C. is help D .is helpping

( )2 ._____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.

A .Who B .How C. What D.Where

( )3. Don't talk here. My mother _____.

A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep

( )4. Danny ______. Don't call him.

A. is writeing B .is writing C. writing D .writes

( )5.-When_____ he_____ back? - Sorry, I don't know.

A. does, come B. are ,coming C. is ,come D. is ,coming

( )6. The children _____ football.

A. is playing 　B. are playing 　C. play the 　D. play a

( )7. Listen! She____ in the classroom.

A. is singing　B. sing 　C .to sing 　D. is sing

( )8. It's six in the afternoon. The Greens_______ lunch together.

A. has　 B. are having 　C. have had　D. had had

( )9. Some Germans _______(visit) our school.

A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting

( )10. I want to know when he _______ for New York tomorrow.

A. has left 　B. is leaving 　C. had left　 D. has been leaving

A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting

( )15.Some Germans _______(visit) our school.

知识要点

4). 一般将来时

一般将来时的用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

一般将来时的基本结构：①be going to + do;②will+ do.

一般将来时常用的时间词：

tomorrow, next week (month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow，in+一段时间等。

练习：

I. 填空。

1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我将去打篮球。

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

3.你们打算什么时候见面。

What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Today is a sunny day. We___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

3.Tom often______________(go) to school on foot.

But today is rainy. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

4.What do you usually do on weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?

5.It's Friday today. What _____she_________ (do) this weekend?

She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

6. What ________ you______ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.

7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.

9. I ________________ (plan) for my study now

知识要点

5). 一般过去时

一般过去时的用法：间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作或状态。

1.过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday.

He was a worker two years ago.

2.过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.

3.谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.

一般现在时常用的时间词：yesterday或由其构成的短语,yesterday morning由"last "构成的短语last year

由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外在宾语从句中主句为过去时,一般从句也用过去时.

练习：

I. 单项选择。

( ).1 She lived there before he ____to China.

A. came B. comes C. come D. coming

( ).2 I _____but _____ nothing.

A . was listened; was hearing B. listened; heard

C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of

( ).3 When did you ____here?

A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach

( ).4 I ____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.

A.did B. would do C. was doing D. do

( ).5 -He went shopping with you yesterday afternoon, didn't he? - _______.

A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.

II. 用所给词的正确形式填空。

1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.

2 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.

3. I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.

4 He ____(do)his homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.

5 When I was young, I _____(play)games with my friends.

6 When ____you_____(write)this book? I _____it last year.

7 Did he____(have) lunch at home?

8 I _____(eat) the bread before I went to school.

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