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知识要点

根据句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。

1)简单句的五种基本句型

1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + V] 如：The children are playing happily.

2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O] 如：The Greens enjoy living in China.

3. 主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P]

该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有：be(是); get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等The apple pie tastes really delicious.

4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+InO+DO]

这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如：

① My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me.

② I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him.

5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC] We must keep our school clean.

练习：

用五个英语的基本句型各造3个英语句子

1.[S + V]

________________________________________________________________

2. [S+V+O]

________________________________________________________________

3.[S+V+P ________________________________________________________________

4.[S+V+InO+DO] ________________________________________________________________

5.[S+V+O+OC]

________________________________________________________________

2）一般疑问句

一般疑问句对全句提出疑问，用yes或no回答。其结构为：be动词(is, am, was, were)或情态动词(can, will, shall)或助动词(do, does, did)+主语+其他?通常译为"...吗?"如：Are you a student? Can you sing an English song? Did they watch TV last night?

练习：

I. 将下列句子改为一般疑问句。1-4句作肯定回答，5-8句作否定回答。

1. My sister is older than Mary.

____________________________________________________________

2. They like collecting leaves.

____________________________________________________________

3. Mr Green was here yesterday.

____________________________________________________________

4. We took lots of pictures last week.

____________________________________________________________

5. Jim does well in English.

____________________________________________________________

6. She can sing and dance.

____________________________________________________________

7. There are some sheep on the hill.

____________________________________________________________

II.根据所给答语，选择相应的问句。

( )1.Yes, I do. A. Is it time to have a lesson?

( )2. No, you can't. B. Do you often go to the supermarket ?

( )3. No, she isn't. C. Are their friends from different countries?

( )4. Yes, they are. D. Is Nancy a Japanese girl?

( )5. No, it's time to have a rest. E. Can I play the piano now?

( )6. No, he didn't. F. Did Sam run faster than Tom three years ago?

III. 根据实际情况回答问题。

1. Are you a student?

________________________________________

2. Is your mum a nurse?

________________________________________

3. Do you like English?

________________________________________

4. Are there any Japanese students in your school?

________________________________________

5. Would you like some apples?

________________________________________

知识要点

3）特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导，针对句子中的某一个具体部分提问，要求作具体回答。特殊疑问句的结构一般是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序?我们所用的"对划线部分提问"的题目就是将陈述句转变为特殊疑问句。

练习：

对下列句中画线部分内容提问。

1. Her uncle is John.

________________________________________________.

2. Her uncle's name is John.

________________________________________________.

3. They go to school at about 7:00 every morning.

_______________________________________________.

4. My father is a driver.

_______________________________________________.

5. They are going to fly kites in the park.

_______________________________________________.

6. It's about four kilometers away from here.

_______________________________________________.

7. My father is cleaning the car.

_______________________________________________.

8. The woman in the car is my aunt.

_______________________________________________.

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