—3—

3enough修饰形容词和副词，enough 放在后面。

This sweater is cheap enough. Nemo is old enough to work。

He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog. She doesn’t listen carefully enough。

6.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别：1What do you think of …?=

How do you like …? =How / What do you feel about…?

“你对…怎么看?”(How…?句中有like，是动词。)

2What’s the weather like in…? = How is the weather in…?“…的天气什么样?”

(What…?句中有like，是介词，“像”。而How…?句中无like。)

7.take, cost, pay, spend区别：

1It + take + sb + some time + to do sth： It took us half an hour to cut down the tree。

2物 + cost + sb + 钱： The bag cost me thirty yuan。

若cost后无sb, 则译作“价钱是”： The bag costs 30 Yuan。

3人+ pay + sb + 钱 + for sth： I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike。。

(pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。切记for后接的是物，而不是人或钱。)

4人 + spend + 时间/ 钱 + on sth / (in) doing sth。

The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet。

The girl always spends much money on her clothes。

spend 有时可指“度过”：spend holiday / weekends / winter

8.双宾结构：pass / give / teach / offer / lend / send / sell / call / show / buy / ask / tell 等可加双宾结构。也就是接sb + sth. Pass me the book, please. He gave us some pens。

其中pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等也可接sth + to sb. 如： lend the book to me。

buy, build等可接sth + for sb. My brother bought a dictionary for me。

另外，若sth是代词时，不用双宾结构。Please show it to me. 而不说show me it。

9.部分词作连词与介词：(连词接句子，介词接名词或代词)

Keep careful when you are listening to the teacher. (斜体部分是句子，when是连词)

Keep careful when listening to the teacher. (斜体部分是名词短语，when是介词)

类似的，while, than, before, after, as, since, until等。

如：I’ll wait until I hear from her. (连词) I’ll wait until hearing from her. (介词)

I’ll wait until next Friday / September / 11:00. (接的都是表时间的短语，until是介词)

10.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一： 1. 动词ed作形容词：表示被动或已发生，常作定语。The boy named Peter is my friend. 那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。

此处是后置定语，划线部分起修饰作用，下同。

He’s eating fried chicken. “他在吃炸鸡。”做chicken的前置定语。

There is no time left. “没时间剩余了。”做time的后置定语。

I have read a novel written by Lu Xun。我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。做后置定语。下同。

He lives in a house built twenty years ago. 他住在一个二十年前被建造的房子里。

一般来说，定语部分不只一个词时， 常放在名词的后面。

2动词ing作形容词：表示正在进行或表示功能，常作定语。

the crying boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road,

the boy crying in the corner (以上表示正在进行)

a sitting room, the bathing suit, a cutting machine, writing paper…… (本行表示功能)

11.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二： 由一些及物动词派生而来，和心理感受有关，但ed修饰人，ing常修饰物。 以下词凡是译为“使…”的及物动词，其ed形式的形容词都译为“感到…的”，其ing形式的形容词都译为“令人(感到)…的”。以下带-ed形式的词的各个短语一般都译为“对…感到…”。

exciting

surprising

amazing

embarrassing

encouraging

frustrating

interesting

thrilling

terrifying

pleasing, = pleasant

satisfying

frightening

tiring

boring

relaxing

fascinating

annoying

moving

worrying

confusing

excited (be ~d about)

surprised (be ~d at)

amazed (be ~d at)

embarrassed(be ~ed in)

encouraged(be ~ed at / by)