20.instead: adv. 代替，更换。

例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead?我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗?It will take days by car, so let’s fly instead. 开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。

Tom was ill, so I went instead.汤姆病了，所以换了我去。

instead of doing sth. 作为某人或某事物的替换

例：Let’s play cards instead of watching TV. We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes.  Give me the red one instead of the green one.

21.spoken 口头的，口语的。spoken English  口头英语

speaking 讲话的，说某种语言的。Speaking skills讲英语的能力

22. 提建议的句子：

①What/ how about +doing sth.?  如：What/ How about going shopping?

②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?

③Why not + do sth. ?      如：Why not go shopping?

④Let’s + do sth.           如： Let’s go shopping

⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.?     如：Shall we/ I go shopping?

23. a lot 许多  常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。

24. too…to 太…而不能  常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.

如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。

25. not …at all 一点也不  根本不  如：

I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。  not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾

26.be / get excited about sth.= be/get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=

I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。

27. ① end up doing sth终止做某事，结束做某事  如：

The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。

② end up with sth. 以…结束 如：

The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。

28. first of all 首先; to begin with 一开始;  later on 后来、随

29. also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间

either 也(用于否定句)常在句末

too  也 (用于肯定句)   常在句末=as well

30. make mistakes 犯错;mistake sb. for …把……错认为……

make mistakes (in) doing sth. 在干某事方面出错;by mistake 错误地;由于搞错

mistake---mistook----mistaken

如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。

I mistook him for his brother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。

make a mistake 犯一个错误 如：I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。

31. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人)如：Don’t laugh at me!不要取笑我!

32. take notes 做笔记，做记录

33. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如：

She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。

enjoy oneself  过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。

34. native speaker 说本族语的人

35. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式  …其中之一

如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。36. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…

如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。

句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English

37. practice doing 练习做某事   如：

She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。

38. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如：

LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。

39. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.

40. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事

如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。

41. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如： I was angry with her. 我对她生气。

42. perhaps = maybe 也许

43. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。

44. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生

see sb. / sth. do    看见某人在做某事

如：She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。