4.如何进行推断?

所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，

推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，

从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是

词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。

中考英语试题中的推断题很多，包括的面也很大。

其类型主要有以下几种：

(1)事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。

请看2002年南京市中考英语试题阅读理解第14小题

? According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?

A. You often play football with your friends after

school.

B. Your teacher has got a cold.

C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t

been caught.

D. The bike in front of your house is lost.

在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：

? Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.

评析： 根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事硬是有趣的和不平常的。

(2)逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供

的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的

态度或感觉。

(3)对作者的意图和态度的推断

这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样

的态度做出推断， 如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。

评析： 根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事硬是有趣的和不平常的。

(2)逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供

的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的

态度或感觉。

(3)对作者的意图和态度的推断

这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样

的态度做出推断， 如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。

Let’s have a try

The undersea world is very beautiful. Now more and more people want to dive in the water to find the secrets there. Scuba diving is a new sport today. It can take you into a wonderful undersea world.

You will find many strange animals in the sea.

Some are as large as a school bus. Many sea animals give out light in the dark and some have sharp teeth.

During the day, there is enough light. Here, under the sea, everything is blue and green. When fish swim nearby, you can catch them with your hands. When you have bottles of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. However, you can’t dive too deep. And you must be very careful when you dive in deep water.

The deep sea is not an easy place to live in. It’s cold, and it’s dark, too. The deeper it is, the less sunlight there is.

At about 3,000 feet, there is no light at all. It is dark in

the sea. Many fishes have no eyes. Some have big eyes.

A few have eyes on one side.

Besides (除了) the cold and darkness, deep-sea animals face a third danger --- other animals.

Animals eat! They must find food to eat. Many animals eat plants. However, some Animals eat meat.

This means these sea animals have animals have two big jobs. They need to find animals as food, and they have to try not to become other animals’ meal.

1. Why do people want to dive in the sea? Because

________.

A. they want to catch fish

B. they want to find the secrets of the undersea world

C. the sea is deep

D. there are all kinds of plants in the sea

2. In the daytime, when you dive in the sea, you _________.

A. can see everything green and blue

B. can’t be in danger

C. can catch nothing

D. can’t see anything clearly

3. How many dangers will animals meet in the deep sea?

A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.

4. When you do scuba diving, you can __________.

A. stay in deep water for a long time

B. dive very, very deep

C. live in deep water easily

D. dive freely without any dangers

5. Which of the following is WRONG? A. One animals finds

something to eat, and it may be eaten by others. B. At the

depth of 3,000 feet under the sea, many animals can find

their way by hearing and feeling. C. The deeper the sea is,

the darker and colder it is. D. At the depth of 3,000 feet under

the sea, all animals can find their way by seeing.