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2012中考数学压轴题及答案40例(2)

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2012-05-16


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5.如图,在直角坐标系 中,点 为函数 在第一象限内的图象上的任一点,点 的坐标为 ,直线 过 且与 轴平行,过 作 轴的平行线分别交 轴, 于 ,连结 交 轴于 ,直线 交 轴于 .

(1)求证: 点为线段 的中点;

(2)求证:①四边形 为平行四边形;

②平行四边形 为菱形;

(3)除 点外,直线 与抛物线 有无其它公共点?并说明理由.

(08江苏镇江28题解析)(1)法一:由题可知 .

, ,

.························································································ (1分)

,即 为 的中点.··································································· (2分)

法二: , , .························································ (1分)

又 轴, .············································································· (2分)

(2)①由(1)可知 , ,

, ,

.························································································· (3分)

又 , 四边形 为平行四边形.················································ (4分)

②设 , 轴,则 ,则 .

过 作 轴,垂足为 ,在 中,

.

平行四边形 为菱形.············································································ (6分)

(3)设直线 为 ,由 ,得 , 代入得:

直线 为 .······················ (7分)

设直线 与抛物线的公共点为 ,代入直线 关系式得:

, ,解得 .得公共点为 .

所以直线 与抛物线 只有一个公共点 .········································ (8分)

6.如图13,已知抛物线经过原点O和x轴上另一点A,它的对称轴x=2 与x轴交于点C,直线y=-2x-1经过抛物线上一点B(-2,m),且与y轴、直线x=2分别交于点D、E.

(1)求m的值及该抛物线对应的函数关系式;

(2)求证:① CB=CE ;② D是BE的中点;

(3)若P(x,y)是该抛物线上的一个动点,是否存在这样的点P,使得PB=PE,若存在,试求出所有符合条件的点P的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.

(1)∵ 点B(-2,m)在直线y=-2x-1上,

∴ m=-2×(-2)-1=3. ………………………………(2分)

∴ B(-2,3)

∵ 抛物线经过原点O和点A,对称轴为x=2,

∴ 点A的坐标为(4,0) .

设所求的抛物线对应函数关系式为y=a(x-0)(x-4). ……………………(3分)

将点B(-2,3)代入上式,得3=a(-2-0)(-2-4),∴ .

∴ 所求的抛物线对应的函数关系式为 ,即 . (6分)

(2)①直线y=-2x-1与y轴、直线x=2的交点坐标分别为D(0,-1) E(2,-5).

过点B作BG∥x轴,与y轴交于F、直线x=2交于G,

A

B

C

O

D

E

x

y

x=2

G

F

H

则BG⊥直线x=2,BG=4.

在Rt△BGC中,BC= .

∵ CE=5,

∴ CB=CE=5. ……………………(9分)

②过点E作EH∥x轴,交y轴于H,

则点H的坐标为H(0,-5).

又点F、D的坐标为F(0,3)、D(0,-1),

∴ FD=DH=4,BF=EH=2,∠BFD=∠EHD=90°.

∴ △DFB≌△DHE (SAS),

∴ BD=DE.

即D是BE的中点. ………………………………(11分)

(3) 存在. ………………………………(12分)

由于PB=PE,∴ 点P在直线CD上,

∴ 符合条件的点P是直线CD与该抛物线的交点.

设直线CD对应的函数关系式为y=kx+b.

将D(0,-1) C(2,0)代入,得 . 解得 .

∴ 直线CD对应的函数关系式为y= x-1.

∵ 动点P的坐标为(x, ),

∴ x-1= . ………………………………(13分)

解得 , . ∴ , .

∴ 符合条件的点P的坐标为( , )或( , ).…(14分)

(注:用其它方法求解参照以上标准给分.)

7.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线 =- + + 经过A(0,-4)、B( ,0)、 C( ,0)三点,且 - =5.

(1)求 、 的值;(4分)

(2)在抛物线上求一点D,使得四边形BDCE是以BC为对 角线的菱形;(3分)

(3)在抛物线上是否存在一点P,使得四边形BPOH是以OB为对角线的菱形?若存在,求出点P的坐标,并判断这个菱形是否为正方形?若不存在,请说明理由.(3分)

解:

(解析)解:(1)解法一:

∵抛物线 =- + + 经过点A(0,-4),

∴ =-4 ……1分

又由题意可知, 、 是方程- + + =0的两个根,

∴ + = , =- =6·································································· 2分

由已知得( - ) =25

又( - ) =( + ) -4 = -24

∴ -24=25

解得 =± ·········································································································· 3分

当 = 时,抛物线与 轴的交点在 轴的正半轴上,不合题意,舍去.

∴ =- . ········································································································ 4分

解法二:∵ 、 是方程- + +c=0的两个根,

即方程2 -3 +12=0的两个根.

∴ = ,·········································································· 2分

∴ - = =5,

解得 =± ······························································································ 3分

(以下与解法一相同.)

(2)∵四边形BDCE是以BC为对角线的菱形,根据菱形的性质,点D必在抛物线的对称轴上, 5分

又∵ =- - -4=- ( + ) + ······························· 6分

∴抛物线的顶点(- , )即为所求的点D.·································· 7分

(3)∵四边形BPOH是以OB为对角线的菱形,点B的坐标为(-6,0),

根据菱形的性质,点P必是直线 =-3与

抛物线 =- - -4的交点, ························································· 8分

∴当 =-3时, =- ×(-3) - ×(-3)-4=4,

∴在抛物线上存在一点P(-3,4),使得四边形BPOH为菱形. ·········· 9分

四边形BPOH不能成为正方形,因为如果四边形BPOH为正方形,点P的坐标只能是(-3,3),但这一点不在抛物线上.·························································································· 10分

8.已知:如图14,抛物线 与 轴交于点 ,点 ,与直线 相交于点 ,点 ,直线 与 轴交于点 .

(1)写出直线 的解析式.

(2)求 的面积.

(3)若点 在线段 上以每秒1个单位长度的速度从 向 运动(不与 重合),同时,点 在射线 上以每秒2个单位长度的速度从 向 运动.设运动时间为 秒,请写出 的面积 与 的函数关系式,并求出点 运动多少时间时, 的面积最大,最大面积是多少?

(解析)解:(1)在 中,令 , , ·············································· 1分

又 点 在 上

的解析式为 ············································································ 2分

(2)由 ,得 ·················································· 4分

, , ······························································································ 5分

························································································ 6分

(3)过点 作 于点 ······························································································· 7分

·········································································································· 8分

由直线 可得: 在 中, , ,则 , ······················································································ 9分

··················································································· 10分

···························································································· 11分

此抛物线开口向下, 当 时, 当点 运动2秒时, 的面积达到最大,最大为 .······················ 12分

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