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初中英语词汇知识点:动词不定式详解

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2013-04-03

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1. 聘it作形式定语

动词不定式作宾语且过长时常请it作形式宾语,而让真正的宾语——不定式断后。例如:

The man downstairs found it hard to fall asleep.

2. 小品词to 的回避与复出

许多动词如teach,ask (要;让),tell,beg 等后常有带to的动词不定式作宾补;但let,have,make (让;使),feel,hear 等后作宾补的不定式结构,to 要回避。但在被动语态里to须“重出江湖”;help 后作宾补的不定式可加to,也可省略to.例如:

The policeman made the young woman move her car.

The young woman was made to move her car by the policeman.

[提示] 对不定式进行否定可在其前加not.如:let sb not do sth; tell sb not to do sth. 把直接引语为祈使句的句子变为间接引语,直接引语一般转换成不定式作宾补。例如:

The policeman said. “Don’t play football in the street,children!”

The policeman asked the children not to play football in the street.

3. 回答原因,作目的状语

不定式(短语)常跟在come, go, run, hurry 等动词后作目的状语;或以“in order to +动词原形”、“so as to +动词原形”等形式出现,或回答what . . . for? / why . . . ?问句。例如:

-Hi, Peter! Why are you in such a hurry?

-To catch the 7:30 train.

[提示] 有时目的状语可置于句首,意为“为了……”,相当于in order to.例如:

To catch the bus, you must get up early.

在stop后的动词不定式其实是作目的状语,意为“停下来做另一件事”。例如:

Let’s stop to have a meal. I know a good restaurant near here.

4. 作状语,简化相应的复合句

作结果状语的不定式常以“enough to . . . ,only to . . . , too . . . to . . . ”等形式出场,并能简化成so . . . that . . . 句式。例如:

Liu Mei was so lucky that she received many books from Project Hope.

Liu Mei was lucky enough to receive many books from Project Hope.

5. 作后置定语

作定语时,不定式(短语)常置于被修饰的名词、不定代词等之后。例如:

Now China is the third country to send its astronauts into space after Russia and the US.

[提示]如果不定式(短语)是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词/副词。例如:

I found a nice place for him to live in.

6. 不定式be to do sth可表将来

be to do sth 表将来,意为“将要做某事”。例如:

Our train is to leave at eight.

7. 时代弄潮儿——“疑问词+不定式”

“疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词包括疑问代词which, who (m), what 和疑问副词how, when, where 等,并常简化相应的从句,但当主句与从句的主语不一致时,不定式常用被动形式。例如:

The little girl wanted to know when her father could take her to Pairs.

The little girl wanted to know when to be taken to Pairs by her father.

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