2014中考英语词汇的具体解析

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词

a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake在闭音节中 [?] bag dad hat map black backe 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no在闭音节中 [C] clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，如：June blue ruler super

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词

a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 [Λ] come monkey love mother

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词

a [E]E China another woman breakfast [i] orange comrade village cabbage e [E] hundred student open weekend [i] chicken pocket begin children i [E]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite o [E] second tonight somebody welcome[Eu] also zero photo

u [E] autumn difficult [ju:] popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operateu处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音，也可以读作[i]音。

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组 读 音 例 词ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener [C:] warm quarter towards oror在[w]音后面 [C:] forty morning short [E:] word worker worse er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词are [εE] care dare hare ere [iE] here mere ire [aiE] fire hire wire ore [C:] more score before ure [juE] pure cure are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[E]音，例如：picture pleasure重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词

ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [εE] air hair chair pair repair

alal在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all [C:l] always also salt almost

[α:] half calm au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw

ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather

[ei] break great ear [iE] hear dear near clear year

[εE] bear pear wear swear [E:] earth learn early

ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [iE] pioneer deer beer

ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key

eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew jewelry

ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor [C:] roar board door flooroi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet

oo [u:] broom food tooth school [u] book look cook foot good

ou/ow [au] flower house count down [ou] know row throw though

[Λ] young country enough [u:] group you soup

our [C:] course your four [auE] our hour ours [E:] journey

ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i]。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [Fn] impression nation -sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion -tion在s后 [tFEn] question suggestion -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle -sure [VE] pleasure measure -ture [tFE] picture culture

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如everyday[ei] handbag[?] 　 blackboard[C:]有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日　break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐　cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜

数词：数词主要分为基数词和序数词两类。

一、 数词的分类1. 基数词表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下：

A.从1——10 one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten.

B.从 11--19 eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteen.这里除 eleven， twelve，thirteen，fifteen，eighteen为特殊形式外，fourteen，sixteen，seventeen，nineteen都由其个位数形后添加后缀-teen构成。

C.从 21——99整数几十中除twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty为特殊形式外，sixty，seventy，ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six

D.百位数

个数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and.

101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty

648 six hundred and forty-eight

E.千位数以上

从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加 thousand，第二个“，”前面的数字后添加 million，第三个“，”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。

2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight

16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four

5,237,166,234 five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and thirty-four

F.基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。There are hundreds of people in the hall.大厅里有数以百计的人。Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of　 G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。He became a teacher in his twenties .他三十多岁时成为了教师。It was in the 1990s.那是在二十世纪六十年代。 　　二、时刻表示法　　拼写易混词小结

1.whether weather 2.present parent3.form from 4.month mouth

5.quite quiet 6.ago age7.watch match 8.father farther

9.shirt skirt 10.strange strong11.then than 12.tired tried

13.brought bought 14.week weak15.same some 16.felt fell

17.house horse 18.plant plane19.clean clear 20.even ever

21.hat hate 22.sand send

同(近)义词小结

1,almost--nearly 2,aloud-loud3,true-real 4,anybody--anyone

5,whether-if 6,trouble---worry7,sure---certain 8,bright---clever

9,space-room 10,difficult---hard11,enjoy---like 12,maybe---perhaps

13,nobody---none 14,except---but 15,start---begin 16,helpful---useful

17,job---work 18,several---a few19,shout---cry 20,quick---fast

21,small---little 22,too---also23,large---big 24,problem---question

25,game---match 26,certainly---of course27,glad---happy 28,by air---by plane

29,learn---study 30,have to---must31,high---tall 32,lose---miss

33,ill---sick 34,at once---right now35,quite---very 36,every---each

37,be good at---do well in 38,at last---in the end

39,have a cold---catch a cold40,enjoy oneself---have a good time

41,look after---take care of42,be careful---take care,look out

43,reach---get to,arrive at(in)

派生词

1.sun sunny 2.rain rainy3.cloud cloudy 4.wind windy

5.noise noisy 6.luck lucky7.health healthy 8.care careful

9.use useful 10.help helpful11.thank thankful 12.wonder wonderful

13.friend friendly 14.difference different15.fool foolish 16.sleep asleep

17.danger dangerous 18.south southern19.north northern 20.wool woolen21.death dead

1.interest interesting 2.please pleased(pleasant)3.worry worried 4.save safe

5.forget forgetful 6.enjoy enjoyable7.fill full 8.die dead

1.drive driver 2.farm farmer3.win winner 4.run runner

5.play player 6.sing singer7.wait waiter 8.work worker

9.teach teacher 10.read reader11.write writer 12.foreign foreigner

13.village villager 14.speak speaker15.keep keeper 16.think thinker

17.clean cleaner 18.visit visitor19.invent inventor 20.travel traveller

21.jump jumper 22.invent invention23.operate operation 24.live life25. die death

1.angry angrily 2.bad badly3.beautiful beautifully 4.careful carefully

5.certain certainly 6.easy easily7.final finally 8.happy happily

9.loud loudly 10.polite politely11.quick quickly 12.quiet quietly

13.real really 14.slow slowly15.sudden suddenly 16.true truly

17.usual usually 18.lucky luckily19.heavy heavily 20.healthy healthily

21.noisy noisily 22.wide widely23.terrible terribly 24.strong strongly

25.bright brightly 26.clear clearly27.kind kindly 28.safe safely

29.near nearly 30.possible possibly31.full fully

六.肯定---否定

1.happy unhappy 2.true untrue3.usual unusual 4.like unlike

反义

Front--Back Man—Woman Black----White Dead----Living

Different—Same　Difficult—EasyFew----Many Little—Much

First---Last Hot--Cold Dirty--Clean Dry---Wet Fas---Slow Full—Empty Good---Bad　Foolish—Clever Early---Late Weak--Strong

Cheap—Dear/Expensive Safety—Danger Never—Ever Forget--Remember

Open---Close Cry---LaughHigh-Low/Tall Without—With In--Out Up-Down Love/like---Hate Buy-Sell Go—Come Fair-UnfairRise-fall Take-Bring Stay--Leave Borrow—Lend Start-Finish/end/stop

Live--Die Sleep-wake ask—answer Know-Unknown Famous—Unknown New—Old – Young Well—Ill – Good Wrong—Right – left Long-Short – Tall

Fat-thin – thick Heavy-light – Dark

同音、读音接近的词汇

aunt - aren't blue - blew bye - buy - by be - bee father – farther four - for hear- here hi – high road – rode I - eye one - won our - hour pair - pear past - passed red - read right - write see - sea son - sun weak - week weather - whether where - wear wood - would whose - who's 　　 whole - hole along - alone back- bike - black bad - bed can't - count could - cold down - done eat - it fail - fall form - from girl - go grade - great horse - house Kate -kite know - now hand - land leave - live left - lift let - light listen - lesson little – letter lot - not low - no March - much month-mouth nine - none parent present play -plane police polite race - rice – rise reach - rich red -read-ride ring - bring - spring sad - said - side Sam - same - some say - see shall – sell set - seat - sit sheep - ship shirt - skirt short - shout show - so sing - thing sides -size

slow - snow small - smell - smile son -song start star step -stop street - straight summer - supper take - talk than - then team - term ten - turn thick - think thin - thing thirsty – thirty throw - through wait - white wall - well - will - while wake - walk - weak – work

场景词汇 邀请：free next weekend when where what who e.g. A: what ar you going to do next weekend? / are you free next Thursday? B: yes, why? / what’s up / what’s going on / do you have any ideas? I’ve no idea. A: would you like come over to my home for dinner? / would you like go on a picnic with us? / shall we go swimming / hiking / … B: that’s a good idea! That’s sound good! I would like that. / that’s so kind of that inviting me to you party. But I can’t I’m very busy. My mother was ill in bed. I must take care of her. When / where shall meet? Let’s meet outside the school gate what about 9’oclock? Why not meet a littlee earlier/later? Let’s make it half past eight? Ok? B: ok/all right /great/ wonderful / see you then / see you 打电话：A: hello, may I speak to xxx, B: he/she is not here/out. Hold on/wait for minutes A: This is xxx, who’s that? B: this is xxx speaking. A: can I ake/leave a message for you? B: yes, off course/ oh, thank very much / that’s would be fine …医院：D: what’s wrong with you? P: I cought a cold/headache /stomache/ fever /… D: what did you ate last night? Take this medicine three times a day drink more water have a good rest 车站、酒店、饭店：Ticket,please? One-way round-trip I want to book a room what do you want to eat? Would you like something to eat/drink? Would like another one? No, thinks. I’m full.yes, please. It’s very delicious. May I have another one? May have a taste?

购物：what can I do for you? I’m looking for a pair of shoese. I’d like some apples. What colour do you like? What size would you want? How much are those? It’s too expansive. Ok, I’ll take it. Here you are. 问路：execuse me, could you tell me the way to museum? Where’s the nearest toilet? Is there a bus station near here? Which bus do I need? I’m sorry, I don’t know, you’d better ask the policeman,he may know. Thinks all the same…

写作记忆Season: there are four seasons in the year round, spring, summer, autumn, winter. I like summer best. It usually lasted from may to august. The weather in summer is always very hot. We needn’t to wear to much clothes.and we can go to swimming in the river. but sometimes it often rained. The trees and grass turn green, the plants grow fast in summer. Some flowers are come out. It’s very beautiful.

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