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2014中考英语考点：介词的解析

一.介词at/ in /on .

1.表示时间：

1).表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/ 年龄

at six o’clock at noon at that time

at the moment at the age of at night

2)in表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时) in the morning/afternoon /evening

in spring /in 2007/in March

in the twenty-first century

in his fifties

3)on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.

On Monday on New Year’s Day

on Sunday morning on a rainy night

on the evening of April 1st ,2007

2表地点:

1)at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置

at the station at the cinema

2)in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里.

in China in the classroom

3)on 指在某物体的表面上.

on the desk

注意:

写街道时,若有门牌号用at ,否则用on / in 都可.

He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street.

二.介词in /on / to 表方位:

1.in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系)

Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China .

2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)

Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .

3.to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)

Japan is _____ the east of China .

三. between / among 在……之间

1.between :指两者之间. 在…….之间.

2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在……之中.

You sit _____ him and me .

The song is popular ______ the students.

四.after / in 在……之后

1. after

1)after + 时间段. 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后, 用于过去时.

2)after 作介词. after doing sth

2.in +一段时间. 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时. He came back ______ two days .

He will go home___finishing his homework .

He will come back _____ two days .

五.with / in / by 表示 “用……”

1.with 表示 “用…” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人体器官.

He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife .

注: with 表伴随, ―带有,含有‖

He came in _____ a big smile on his face .

2.in表示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料. 也可表交通方式. Can you say it _____English ?

He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .

3.by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法

I study for a test _____ working with a group .

He makes a living ____ selling newspapers .

注意: 同义词组

1).by phone = on the phone

2).by car = in a car

3).in pen = with a pen = with pens

六.across / through / over / by 经过

1.across 指横穿,穿过. 表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.

2.through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.

3.over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.

4.by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.

Can you swim ______ the river ?

the elephant is so big that it can’t go _____ the gate .

I don’t think anyone can jump ___ the fence.

I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .

七.in front of / in the front of

1.in the front of 表示在…….内部的前面

2.in front of 表示在……外面的前面

There is a desk in _____ front of our classroom .

There is a big tree in _____ front of our classroom.

八.其它介词的用法：

1.at的其它用法.

1).表示 ―从事或正在做某事‖,其后加的名词往往不加冠词.

She is at work now = She is working now .

2)at表示 ―价格或速度‖

The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .

2.in的其它用法:

1)in表示 ―在……方面‖

词组:do well in = be good at

be weak in

2)in 表示 ―穿着‖后接表颜色的词或衣服.

词组: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服

3)in作副词, ―在家‖ = at home

3.like 的用法:

1).像/和……一样. 常与系动词连用.

词组: look like sound like

2).与what 连用, ―是什么样子, 怎样‖.

What is he like ? He is kind .

4.off的用法:

1).从……下来, 脱离某物体.

词组: fall off

2). ―休假‖通常放在时间名词之后.

词组: have +时间+ off

He hasn’t had a night off for two hours .

5.except / besides

1).except 除了…….之外, 都……. . 不包括在范围之内.

注: nothing but … 除了……之外,什么也没有.

2).besdies除了……之外,还有…… . 包括在范围之内.

We all went swimming ______ Lucy .

There is _______ a letter in the box .

We study Japanese and French____ English .

6.with / without

1).with具有,含有 -----反义词: without 没有

词组: with the help of = with one’s help =because of = thanks to

without one’s help

2).without 的用法:

A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物

B).without + doing sth .

He left here without____(say ) ―Goodbye‖to us

C). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句.

If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .

7.on the tree /in the tree

on the tree 表示 ―树上本身长的东西‖ 在树上. 而in the tree 表示 ―外界的物体进入树中‖ 人或物在树上.

There are some apples _____ the tree .

There is a boy ____ the tree.

8.since / for

注: since / for 用于现在完成时.

1).since :

a).since +时间点

b). 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时

c).since +一段时间+ ago.

2)for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago

9.be made +介词的区别:

be made of 由…制成 (看得见原材料)

be made from由…制成 (看不见原材料)

be made in +地点 由哪儿生产

be made by sb. 由某人制造

10.表示 “数量的介词”

about , round around over

1). about , round around表示 ―大约……‖

2).over 表示 ―超过‖= more than.

11.inside / outside

Inside 在……里面 ------反义词:outside在….外面

12.in the wall /on the wall

in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上” on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上” 九.不用介词的情况:

1).当时间状为: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词.

What are you going to do tonight ?

2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等时间状语.

He went to Wuhan last week .

3).以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词.

He has worked all day .

4).以some ,any, one 等构成的时间状语前不用介词.

He met a bad man one cold morning .= He met a bad man on a cold morning .

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