编辑:sx_liss
2014-05-30
【摘要】精品学习网为各位考生整理了中考英语语法填空考点,希望可以帮考生一臂之力。
一、完形填空题的命题特点
完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识 综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出10~15个空白,要求考生从所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。
完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空,也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查,又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容:
1、词汇:
此类题目考查的内容是:近义词的区别,词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。
2、语法:
此类题目考查的是:各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数,形容词、副词的比较等级,动词的时态和语态,介词、数词、代词和连词的用法,主谓一致,宾语从句的用法等。
3、结构:
此类题目考查的是:文章中间句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间,上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。
从设空的类型看可分为三个层次:1、句子层次 2、句组层次 3、全篇层次
设空的难度,从句子层次到句组层次,再到全篇层次,依次增加。
二、完形填空的解题技巧
前面我们已经分析过,完形填空是在全面理解短文基础上的选择填空。因此做“完型填空”题应遵循下列步骤:
1、通读全文,了解大意
做这类题目是,首先应该把文章通读一遍,了解一下文章的大概内容。千万不要读一句填一句,因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后都可成立,但从全文看又不可取。
有些同学一拿到“完形填空”题,就着手去填,填到最后,才发现所选答案语全文的意思不符,不得不在从头开始。费时又费力,还不易做准确,这种方法是不可取的。
2、瞻前顾后,逐步填空
了解文章大意之后,就可逐步填空。 一般来说,文章后面所给的选择答案可分三类:一类是语法正确,而意思不对;另一类是意思正确,而语法错误;第三类是语法正确,意思也正确。在选择答案时,一定要考虑到上下文的意思,还要考虑到句子的结构,习惯用法,固定搭配和词类的功能,尽量使选出的答案及复合语法又符合原文的意思。
3、认真复查,适当调整
填空全部做完以后,应把短文从头到尾再读一遍,检查一下填空以后的文章是否连贯,情节是否合理,语法结构是否正确。一般来说,如果意思连贯,情节合理,语法结构正确,就意味着选答没有问题;如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通,语法结构有问题,就说明选答不正确。对这样的填空应该认真推敲,进行调整。
【考点诠释】
【考例】①[天津]
Man has invented four kinds of satellite studies the __1__of the earth. They are used to make maps. They also help countries to see where they may___2____oil and gold.
The second kind of satellite is used to guide ships and planes. A ship or a plane can___3___ a message to the satellite and the satellite can find out ___4____ the ship or the plane is.
The third kind studies the weather. These satellites____5____ clouds and strong winds moving across the earth. They warn countries to make preparations when very___6___ weather is coming.____7____ kind is used for communication. Telephone calls ____8____countries can be sent by these satellites. Some can carry hundreds of calls at the same time. The call is sent to the satellite, then the ____9____ sends it to a station in the country and this country is being phoned. These satellites also carry pictures; they can receive and send about eight____10___at a time.
1. A. physics B. chemistry C. biology D. geography
2. A. carry B. find C. keep D. choose
3. A. write B. take C. send D. bring
4. A. where B. what C. which D. that
5. A. have B. watch C. notice D. see
6. A. sunny B. cool C. bad D. fine
7. A. The last B. Another C. One D. Any other
8. A. among B. along C. between D. of
9. A. TV B. telegraph C. telephone D. satellite
10. A. plays B. programmes C. films D. languages
本文主要叙述了人类发明的四种人造卫星的功能特点及它们为我们人类作出的巨大的贡献。本文考查了学生综合运用语言的能力。
1.答案:D解析:由“They are used to make maps.”可推知答案。
2.答案:B解析:题意为“这种卫星还帮助国家发现在哪儿它们可以找到石油或黄金”,故选find。
3.答案:C解析:send此处意为“发送”。
4.答案:A解析:where。
5.答案:B解析:watch"注视,观察”,而see指无意识地看。
6.答案:C解析:由题意“当坏天气到来时,它们告知相关国家做好准备”知应选C。
7.答案:A解析:由题意知,共四种人造卫星,前面说了三种,故此空指“最后的一种”,故选A。
8.答案:C解析:between此处指每两个国家之间。
9.答案:D解析:句意为“然后卫星把它发送到这个国家的一个电台”,故选satellite。
10.答案:B解析:由题意知“这种卫星在同一时间能发送、接收8种节目”,故选B。
②[苏州]
Many objects that people use each day started with a simple idea.These objects have often changed the way we 1 .Some help us to do a job more 2 .Others fill a need or solve a problem.
In 1858 H.L.Lipman had such an 3 .He took out a pencil, a piece of paper , 4 an eraser. Then he began to write .Sometimes he needed to 5 a word . Each time the had to search under his books and papers to 6 the eraser .“I wish my eraser would stay in one 7 !”he said.
Then Lipman had his simple idea .He 8 a groove (凹槽)in one end of the pencil .He glied(粘牢)the eraser into this groove .Lipman had solved his problem .Later he thought that others might like to have such a pencil . So he sold his 9 . Soon pencils with erasers were _10_ . His design earned him $100,000.
1. A.study B.live C.sleep D.walk
2. A.easily B.correctly C.carefully D.normally
3. A.article B.aim C.idea D.action
4. A.so B.and C.but D.as
5. A.spell B.read C.write D.change
6. A.look B.see C.watch D.find
7. A.place B.desk C.book D.hand
8. A.marked B.prepared C.cut D.invented
9. A.books B.pencil C.design D.eraser
10. A.wonderful B.expensive C.colourful D.common
本文记叙了一个贫穷的家庭遭受偷窃的过程,以及滑稽的丈夫是怎样与小偷较量的。
1.答案:D解析:句意为“……有一个罐子在一张破旧韵桌子下面”。故选D。
2.答案:A解析:句意为“里面有一点大米,那是为了迎接新年而从邻居家借来的”。故选A。
3.答案:B解析:句意为“妻子已经入睡了,但丈夫躺在床上……”。故选B。
4.答案:D解析:小偷进来当然是想“偷”东西。
5.答案:C解析:上文巾说“小偷对大米感兴趣”,那么下文应提到“但是怎么把它们带走呢?”,这里是询问通过什么方式,应用how。肢选C。
6.答案:A解析;句意为“他脱下了外套……”。“脱下”用take off表示,故选A。
7.答案:C
8.答案:A解析:“用外套盖住自己”这一动作应发生在“小偷转过身来之前”,故选A。
9.答案:B解析:小偷没有发现人却发现找不到外套了.,因此他应该足很惊讶,故选B。
10.答案:D解析:go back to sleep继续睡觉。
③[安徽]Jimmy started painting when he was four years old. When he was six, he was already very good at it. He 1 many beautiful and interesting pictures, and people 2 a lot of money for them. They said, “This boy’s going to be 3 when he’s a little older, and then we’re going to 4 these pictures for a lot more money. Then we will get rich.”
Jimmy’s pictures were 5 from other people’s because he never painted on the whole piece of 6 . He painted on half of it, and the other half was always 7 .
“That’s very clever,” everyone said, “ 8 else does that!”
One day somebody bought one of Jimmy’s 9 and then said to him, “Please tell me this, Jimmy. Why do you paint on the 10 half of your paper, but not on the top half?”
“Because I’m small,” Jimmy said, “and my brushes don’t reach very high.”
1. A. took B. borrowed C. lent D. painted
2. A. paid B. bought C. wanted D. needed
3. A. young B. famous C. short D. cool
4. A. fill B. buy C. sell D. draw
5. A. different B. similar C. away D. good
6. A. glass B. wood C. paper D. table
7. A. empty B. full C. dirty D. blue
8. A. Anybody B. Somebody C. Everybody D. Nobody
9. A. brushes B. books C. pictures D. pens
10. A. middle B. bottom C. right D. left
1. D.文章一开始就说Jimmy非常善于画画。所以这里选D. painted. 如果你不能确定,可以先空着,继续往下看。
2. A这里说人们花很多钱买Jimmy的画。所以Jimmy肯定已经画了很多画,所以1题可以确定选D.又因为2题后面的宾语是a lot of money,为某事付钱应该是pay money for sth.,过去式就应该paid,选A.
3. B那么为什么他们的画能卖个好价钱呢?因为人们普遍认为Jimmy长大后会变得很有名(famous),所以3题选B。
4. C第一段最后一句是“Then we will get rich.”这句话有很强的提示作用,他说明很多人都想通过Jimmy的画挣钱。那么他们如何挣钱呢?
因为第一段第三句人们花了很多钱买了画,那么在4题地方应该是将画卖了,所以4题选C. Sell。
5. A. Jimmy作画风格应该是与众不同(different)的,所以应该选A。
6. C. 四个选项中只有paper(画纸)符合要求,所以选C。
7. A. 因为Jimmy总是用一半画纸,所以另一半应该是空的(empty),所以选A。
8. D. 由上面的分析可知,没有其他人(Nobody)像Jimmy一样作画,所以43题选D。
9. C. 应该是别人来买画(pictures)了,所以应该选C。
10. B. 如果你注意到45题后面半句“but not on the top half”,那么10题就有可能选B. bottom.再根据最后一段话,当别人问Jimmy为何作画只用一半画纸时,Jimmy说因为自己人小个矮, 画笔够不到高处。所以此时可以确定10题肯定选bottom了。画纸只用下面半截,上面半截总是空的。
【总结】精品学习网中考频道精心整理了中考英语语法填空考点,可登录中考英语考点学习更多知识。
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