3.句子的基本句型结构

根据句子所用动词的不同，句子可归纳为五个基本句型。

(1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如：

My mother is a doctor.

Her voice sounds nice.

(2)主语+不及物动词。例如：

He runs fast.

We study hard.

(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。例如：

Children often sing this song.

He studies English.

1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如：

She enjoys reading novels and swimming.

I finished reading the book last night.

2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如：

Where do wish to sit?

Tom agreed to lend some money.

3)有些及物动词既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作宾语，但意义不同。这类动词常见的有：remember, forget等。例如：

Please remember to post the letter for me.

请记住替我发了这封信。

I remember posting the letter.

我记得那封信寄过了。

Stop的用法同上面的词相仿，不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语，而是作状语。试比较下列句子：

He stopped to smoke. 他停下来吸烟。

He stopped smoking. 他停止吸烟了。

4)有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如：

I like to swim in summer.

I like swimming in summer.