(三)

The human brain weighs about 1.4 kilograms，but it can hold much more information than most computers.However，there is another difference between humans and computers.Computers don't forget information they are given，but humans often do.No one rembers everything，and luckily we don't usually have to.But everyone can improve their memory if they want to.Here are some suggestions.

◆Try to use new information immediately.For example，if you meet someone who says “Hi!I'm Carlos，”don't just say “Hello.”Repeat the person's name.Say “________”

◆Break a big number into smaller parts.For example，it's hard to memorize (记忆) 109244153.But if you break it into three parts—109/244/153—it becomes easier.

◆Write out what you need to remember over and over again.This will help you keep it in mind longer，especially for memorizing formulas (公式) or facts.

◆Always review information.If you bring what you've learned back to your mind，they become easier to remember.Fox example，before you go to sleep，it's a good idea to review the new things you learned that day.

◆Discuss with a friend.It is always easier to remember things through discussions.You can have a discussion about what's right and what's wrong，and it will lead to the right answer.

◆Never_tell_yourself_that_you_have_a_bad_memory.You can always do something to help improve your memory.And everyone's memory gets better if they use it often enough.

All of the suggestions are helpful.If you follow them，you are certain to improve your memory.

11.How many suggestions are mentioned in the passage?

A.Three. B.Four. C.Five. D.Six.

12.Which should be put in the blank (空格) in Paragraph 2?

A.Hello，Carlos. B.How do you do?

C.Hello，I am Sophia. D.Glad to meet you!

13.What can help memorize a big number more easily according to the passage?

A.To store it in a computer.

B.To break it into smaller parts.

C.To discuss it with a friend.

D.To review it before you sleep.

14.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.Discussing with friends can help you remember things.

B.Always reviewing information can help you fall asleep.

C.Formulas and facts can help you learn about your brain.

D.Human beings can improve their memory by computer.

15.What does the sentence “Never tell yourself that you have a bad memory.”mean?

A.You should tell others about your bad memory.

B.You should believe in other people all the time.

C.You should ask others to improve their memory.

D.You should be confident in your memory ability.

(四)(2013，长春)

Graffiti is a common feature of most Western cities.The word graffiti was from the Greek word，graphein，which only meant writing.These days，however，the word means drawing or writing on the walls of buildings，or on public transportation，such as trains and buses.

Graffiti，as a form of expression，was born in New York during the 1960s and 1970s.At that time，a new modern culture about city life appeared.Graffiti was a written form of expression of that life.Later，it was mixed with a musical form called hip­hop that was another expression of the city life.

At first，graffiti artists used pens.But then，with the development of graffiti，they became experienced.They turned to using cans of spray paint (喷漆).Spray paint allowed them to cover a greater area.And it also allowed them to work quickly，which was an advantage when they worked in neighborhoods where graffiti wasn't welcome.

At the present time，different people have different ideas about graffiti.Some people say it makes the cities dirty.It isn't allowed by many local governments in the United States.The governments spend more than a million dollars a year cleaning graffiti.The money，they say，could be better spent on health or education.Other people think that it is a form of art.In fact，the works of some famous graffiti artists can be found in museums，galleries，and art books.

16.Which is the meaning of the underlined word “graffiti”?

A.书法　 　B.沙画　 　C.涂鸦　 　D.油画

17.Why did graffiti artists use cans of spray paint?

A.Because they could work quickly.

B.Because they could spend less money.

C.Because they could make the neighbors pleased.

D.Because they could express themselves clearly.

18.How many forms of expression of city life are mentioned in this article?

A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.

19.Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

A.Graffiti has another name called hip­hop.

B.Graffiti appeared during the 1960s and 1970s.

C.The local governments prefer to spend money cleaning graffiti.

D.The government of the United States doesn't allow graffiti.

20.What's the article mainly about?

A.The meaning of graffiti.

B.Different expressions of graffiti.

C.Different attitudes towards graffiti.

D.The history and development of graffiti.

(五)

Can you remember the day when you spoke your first words?If you can，you are unusual.Try to think what the first few months of your life were like.I'm sure you just spent most of your time eating，sleeping and crying.As you grew older，you were awake more of the time.It took your parents more to play with you and talk to you.You watched and listened.You began to know that people make some sounds to go with some things.

Then you began to cry to make sounds you heard.And step by step you were able to make the right sound for one thing.

On that day you came to understand the secret of the language.The secret is that a certain sound means a certain thing.One sound might be as good as another.But it is not as good as a word unless everyone agrees on its meaning.Only when a group of people use the same set of sounds of things，they can understand each other，so these people have a language.

After you found the secret of language，you learned words.Some of the words meant things，such as books，chairs and shops.Some of the words meant actions such as go and swim.And other words describe things such as good or dirty. Soon you learn to put words together to express one's idea，such as“ I want to go out and play with my friends.” This is language.By the way of language people can communicate.So we say languages mean communication.

21.________can remember the day when we spoke our first words.

A.Few of us　　B.No one　　C.Most people

22.When you were a little baby，you ________.

A.made sounds to let people know that you wanted to eat

B.spent most of your time eating，playing and sleeping

C.could not hear any sounds around you

23.The secret of language is that________.

A.one sound might be as good as another

B.a certain sound is for a certain thing

C.people can understand each other

24.You could learn words________.

A.before you knew what language was

B.when you were a baby

C.after you knew what language was

25.The use of language is ________.

A.to get everything one wants from another

B.to say what one wants to know

C.to share ideas，opinions，news，etc.with one another