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2012年中考英语语法名师精挑细讲：动词的语态

1. 语态定义：英语中表示主语和谓语之间的关系的动词形式称为语态。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We teach English in our school .(主动) English is taught in our school .(被动)

2. 被动语态：助动词Be + 及物动词的过去分词(be +p.p.)，be有人称、时态和数的变化。见下表：

时 态 谓语动词的形式 例 子

一般现在时 Am / is / are + 动词过去分词 Colour TVs are made in the factory .

一般过去时 Was / were +动词过去分词 My hometown was liberated in 1949 .

一般将来时 Shall / will + be +动词过去分词 The film will be shown again .

现在进行时 Am / is / are + being +动词过去分词 The walls are being painted .

过去进行时 Was / were +being动词过去分词 The tickets were being well sold then .

现在完成时 Has / have + been + 动词过去分词 A new road has been built here .

时 态 谓语动词的形式 例 子

过去完成时 Had + been +动词过去分词 Much had been done before mother came back .

含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+动词过去分词 The composition must be handed in today .

3. 被动语态中值得注意的问题：

○1 带有双宾语的动词，可以把任何一个宾语变被动，一般在间接宾语前加适当的介词。My father gave me a book ./ I was given a book by my father ./ A book was given to me by my father .

○2 英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .

○3 在英语中有时"be + V-ed"结构并不是被动语态，而是系表结构。The mountains were covered with snow .

○4 在"主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语"的结构中，要补留宾语补足语。We found the door broken. / The door was found broken.

○5 宾语补足语为省to的不定式，变为被动语态后，要还原to。He made me laugh. / I was made to laugh .

○6 如果短语动词是及物动词时，可以用被动语态，但不能遗漏所含的介词或副词。The nurse looked after the baby ./ The baby was looked after by the nurse . / We must make up for the lessons we missed. / The lessons we missed must be made up for .

○7 下列情况不能用被动语态：

A. 不及物动词： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .

B. 连系动词： The girl looks like her sister .

C. 宾语为反身代词：He always dresses himself neatly .

D. 宾语为相互代词：The students often help each other .

E. 同源宾语：At that time, they lived a happy life .

F. 表示状态的及物动词：I have a new car. / The book cost me 30 yuan .

2012中考科目：

【中考语文】【中考数学】【中考英语】【中考物理】【中考化学】

【中考政治】【中考历史】【中考生物】【中考地理】 【中考体育】

2012中考考前： 

【中考动态】【中考心理辅导】 【中考家长】【中考饮食】 【中考政策】

2012中考考后：

【中考动态】 【中考成绩查询】【中考志愿填报】  【中考分数线】

【中考录取查询】 【中考状元】【中考择校】