14. if/ whether

在下列情况下只能用whether而非if：

(1)与or not连用时，只能用whether.

We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我们想知道你是否生病了。

Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.

请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。

(2)后接动词不定式时，只能用whether.

Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亚当不知道是走还是留。

He hasn’t decided whether to have dinner with me.他还没决定是否和我共进晚

餐。

(3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时，只能用whether.

Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind. 我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。

Whether I won or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是赢是输她不想知道。

(4)引导主语从句或表语从句时，一般用whether.

The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他们是不是已经

走了。

Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。

if能引导条件状语从句，表示“如果，假如”，而whether没有此用法。

We’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我们

要进行足球赛。

I’ll tell him if I sees him.我看见他就告诉他。

If you’re in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危险，请拨打110。

15. cost/ spend/ pay/ take

(1) cost一般用某物来做主语，表示“(某物)值…、花费…”，既能指花费时

间也能指金钱。

The new bike costs me 300 yuan.这辆新自行车花了我三百元。

It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整

一周时间。

cost 还可以用作名词，表示“成本、费用、价格、代价”等。

What’s the cost of this TV set? 这台电视机的成本是多少钱?

They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他们辛苦地工作换来的成功。

(2) spend一般用某人来作主语，表示“(某人)花费…，付出…”，也能指时间或金钱，指时间时常与　in搭配，指金钱时常与on或for搭配。

We spent two days in repairing this machine.我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。

Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在书上。

(3) pay用作动词时，一般也以某人作主语，但一般指花钱、付款等，很少用来指花费时间。常与for搭配使用。

They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他们花了七十元买票。

He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他穷得交不起学费。

pay还可以用作名词，意思为“薪水、工资”等。

It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。

(4)take也指“花费(时间、金钱)”，但通常用某事、某物做主语，或用形式主语it.

How long will the meeting take? 会议要开多久?

It took me several hours to get there. 我花了几个小时才到那儿。

16. bad/ badly

这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意思，且它们有共同的比较级worse和最高级worst 。

(1) bad是一个形容词，意思是“坏的，糟糕的，差的，严重的”。

I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不认为他是一个坏人。

I had a bad headache.我的头疼得很厉害。

(2)badly是一个副词，意思是“不好地，差”，也可以表示程度，意为“严重地，非常，极度”。

We need help badly.我们急需帮助。

His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊严重受伤了。

17. interested/ interesting

(1) interested是指“对…产生兴趣的，对…感兴趣的”，一般用人做主语，后常用介词in.

He was interested in biology before.他以前对生物感兴趣。

I’m not interested in art.我对艺术不感兴趣。

(2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”，指能够给人带来兴趣的某人或某事物。

He is an interesting old man.他是个有趣的老头。

The interesting story attracted me.   这个有趣的故事吸引了我。

18. dead/ die/ death/ dying

(1) dead是形容词，意思为“死了的、无生命的”，表示状态，可以与一段时间连用。

The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。

The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。

(2) die是动词，意思为“死、死亡”，是一个瞬间动词，不能与一段时间连用。

My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。

The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌症。

(3) death是名词，意思为“死亡、去世”等。

The memorial hall was built one year after his death.

他死后一年，纪念馆建成了。

His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我们的巨大损失。

(4) dying 是die的现在分词，用作形容词，意思是“垂死的、即将死去的”。

The doctors have saved the dying man.医生们救活了那个垂死的人。

The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可怜的狗没有食物,快要饿死了。

【考点扫描】

中考考点在本单元主要集中在：

1. 宾语从句的时态和语序;

2. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别;

3. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;

4. 本单元学习的日常交际用语。

考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。

【中考范例】

1. (2004年北京市海淀区中考试题)

---Do you know ________________?

---Only ten months old.

A. when does Tiger Woods start golfing

B. when did Tiger Woods start golfing

C. when Tiger Woods starts golfing

D. when Tiger Woods started golfing

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的时态和语序。这个宾语从句的时态应用一般过去时，应为这里说的是过去的事情。语序应用陈述句的语序，所以正确答案是: when Tiger Woods started golfing。

2. (2004年北京市海淀区中考试题)

I’m interested in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.

A. pay  B. get  C. take  D. spend

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是pay, get, take和spend这四个动词的用法区别。只有动词spend可以用在sb. spends time doing sth. 这个句型里，所以正确答案影视spend。

3. (2004年天津市中考试题)

Could I ________ your telephone? I have something important to tell my parents.

A. keep  B. borrow  C. use  D. lend

【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是keep, borrow, use和lend四个动词的用法区别。keep的真正含义是“保留”，borrow的含义是“借入”，lend的含义是“借出”，只有use的含义是“使用”。在这个句子里实际上是“使用”的意思，所以应选use。

4. (2004年鄂州市中考试题)

---Hi, Ann. Where’s your brother? I need his help.

---He left home two weeks ago and ________away ever since.

A. is  B. was  C. has been  D. had been

【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是动词时态的用法区别。一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或现在所处的状态;一般过去时表示过去的动作或过去所处的状态;过去完成时表示过去的动作或过去的时间以前发生的事情;现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或刚刚结束。这里只能用现在完成时。

【满分演练】

一. 单项填空

1. Mr Green asked the children to _____the words in the dictionary.

A. look at B. look up C. look for D. look after

2. May I _____ your bike? Certainly, but you can't _____it to other.

A. lend, lend B. borrow, lend C. borrow, borrow D. lend, borrow

3. Mr Brown _____in China since 20 years ago.

A. worked B. works C. is working D. has worked

4. There______ be many trees here two years ago.

A. is B. are C. use to D. used to

5. Neither my brother nor I ____a doctor.

A.is B.am C.are D.be

6. ____of my parents ____ watching TY.

A.Both, likes B.Either, like C.Neither, like D.Neither, likes

7. I really don't know ____ next. Can you tell me ?

A.how to do B.what to do C.how will I do it D.what to do it

8. He has lived here ___ 1965.

A. since B. for C. in D. from

9. If you are tired, please stop ___ a rest.

A. having B. have C. to have D. has

10.She has never come to the farm before, _____ she?

A. has B. hasn't C. does D. doesn't

11. It is ____book that I have ____ it twice.

A.such an interesting…seen B.so an interesting…read

C.so interesting…looked    D.such an interesting…read

12. The doctor was busy ____ on the boy at that time.

A.operate B.to operate C.operated D.operating

13. The policeman told the children _____play in the street.

A. didn't B. to not C. not to D. don't

14. Mother returned home _____earlier than Father that evening.

A. very B. too C. more D. much

15. I won't go to see the film tonight, because I ______ my ticket.

A. lost B. have lost C. will lose D. didn't lose