23. advice  (n) 劝告,忠告[U]

I want your advice, sir. I don’t know what to do.

先生,我需要您的指点。我不知该怎么办才好。

You should follow (take ) his advice.你必须遵守他的忠告。

24. afford (v)负担得起(费用)，抽得出(时间),，提供

(常与can,could,be able to连用)买得起;有足够的...(去做...)[+to-v]

They did not consider whether they could afford the time or not. 他们没有考虑是否抽得出时间。

We can’t afford to pay such a price.

I cannot afford a car.我没有充足的钱买汽车。

None of them could afford $50 for a ticket.

他们当中没有哪个拿得出50美元买一张票。

25. afraid  (a.)害怕的，担心

She was afraid that she might lose her job.

她担心会丢掉工作。

It seems that she is afraid to tell them about it.

似乎她怕将此事告诉他们。

Don’t be afraid of snakes.

(用于提出异议,告诉不好的消息等场合,使语气婉转)恐怕,遗憾[+(that)]

I’m afraid your wife had an accident.很遗憾,你妻子出事了

I’m afraid I can’t help you. 对不起,我不能帮你。

The mother is very much afraid for her son who is seriously ill.

母亲很担心自己的儿子，他病得很重。

be afraid of + 令人害怕或具有危险地事物。

be afraid for “替..担心”+ 令人担心或出于危险之中的事物

26. after  (ad, prep, conj)之后，后来;在…以后

They arrived soon after. 不久以后他们抵达了

Tom went on Monday, and Mary left the day after.

汤姆星期一走的,玛丽第二天就离开了。

After graduation he went abroad. 毕业后他去了国外。

What are you after?你在求去什么?

She was named Jane after her aunt.

她被仿照她姑妈的名字命名为Jane。

I will tell you after they leave. 他们走后我再告诉你。

Shut the door after you.随手关门

He’s the tallest, after Richard.除了理查德，他最高。

After you! = Please go first!请先走!

27. afternoon(n)

I always have a rest in the afternoon.我下午总要休息一会。

(afternoon与this, that, yesterday, tomorrow, every等限定词连用时，其前不用介词)

28. again  (ad.)再，再次，又，重新

He sang the song again.他把这支歌又唱了一遍。

They came back to school again. 他们重返学校了。

again and again 再三地，反复不断地

29. against (prep)反对;违反; 逆;对着;倚;靠

the fight against the A flu 抗甲流斗争

We’re playing against Hongxing Middle School next week. 下周我们要和红星中学比赛。

Against the house there stands a tree.

一棵树对着这房子立着。

This is against the law.这是违法的。

Put the piano there, against the wall.

30. age (n)年龄， 时代，(人生的)某一时期

the age of the computer计算机时代

What’s the age of that old building?

I used to play tennis there when I was your age.

Children over the age of 12 are not allowed to enter the hall.

12岁以上的孩子不准进入大厅。

He left school at the age of 18.

Young people of all ages go there to meet.

You look younger for your age.

31. ago (ad.)以前

she died two years ago.她死在两年以前.

比较：He had written a novel two years before.

He wrote a novel two years ago.

(ago指从现在算起若干时间以前，动词用过去式;before指从过去算起的某个时间以前，动词用过去完成时)

32. agree (v)同意，赞同

I can not agree with you on this point.

对于这一点，我不能与你意见相同。

He agreed to show me around the factory.

他答应带我逛逛这家工厂。

33. agreement (n)同意,一致;  协定,协议

My parents are in agreement on what color to paint the house. 我父母亲对于用什么颜色漆房子意见一致。

The three sides reached an agreement to stop the war.

三方达成协议停止战争。

34. air(n) 空气;大气，天空

Better let in some fresh air.最好放些新鲜空气进来。

The air was full of butterflies. 天空中飞舞着许许多多蝴蝶。

35. airline (n)(飞机的)航线  航空公司 航空系统

I often travel by Northwest Airlines.

我常坐西北航空公司的飞机旅行。

36. airplane(n)飞机

An airplane started for Canton yesterday.

昨天一架飞机飞往广州。

37. airport(n)飞机场，航空站

They landed at a small airport.

他们在一座小型的机场降落。

38. alive(a.) (常做表语或补语偶尔做后置定语)

活着的;现存的;

They were caught alive.他们被活捉了。

They are the happiest children alive.

他们是当今最幸福的儿童。

I don’t know whether he’s alive or dead.

我不知道他是死是活。

Is your mother still alive?你妈妈还健在吗?

Although he is eighty, he is still very much alive.

他虽有八十岁了,但仍然充满了活力。

39. all  (a. pron)

(与名词连用时，在该名词前可使用the或所有格等限定词;若与复数形式的名词连用，名词前也可用基数词)

注意：all与not连用有两种含意：① “并非…都是” ② “即使全部的….也不”

All the students are not noisy.并非所有学生都吵闹。

All his toys cannot make him happy.

即使他的全部玩具也不能使他快乐。

All five men are hard workers.他们5个人工作都努力。

All of them enjoyed playing the piano.

--Thanks very much for your help.

--Not at all. It was a pleasure.

【经典试题】

I’m interested in ______ you have said.

A. all that   B. all what   C. that  D. which

40. allow  (v) 允许,准许

Swimming is not allowed at this beach.

这片海滩禁止游泳。

She allowed us to smoke. 她允许我们抽烟。

He is not allowed to stay out late.他不可以在外呆到很晚。

We do not allow smoking in the hall.

我们不准有人在大厅内抽烟。

41. almost (ad)几乎，差不多

He spent almost 1,000 dollars a month.

他每月差不多用1000块钱。

(与no, none, nothing等词连用，只能用almost,而不用nearly;反之，与not,never连用只能用nearly而不用almost; nearly可用very, pretty修饰，almost不可)

42. alone (a.) 单独的,独自的

She watches TV when she is alone.

独自一人时,她便看电视。

只有,仅;单单(用于名词或代词后加强语气)

The rent alone is $300. 单房租就三百元。

Man alone has the gift of speech.

只有人类才有说话的天赋。

Time alone will show who was right.

只有时间能证明到底谁对。

单独地(adv)

For years Mary lived alone in New York.

玛丽孤身一人在纽约生活了好几年。

(alone与only意思相同，但alone常放在被修饰词之后，而only却置于其前。)

43. along (ad. prep)向前, 和…一起,一同; 沿着

He sang loudly as he walked along.

他边向前走边大声唱着歌。

Come along with us. 跟我们一道去吧。

I was driving my car along a path.我沿着一条小路开车。

* aloud  (ad.) 出声地, 高声地

44. already (ad.)已经;先前

I have had lunch already. 我已用过午餐了。

We have already finished junior middle school.

我们已经完成初中学业。

--Lunch?

--No. thanks. I’ve already eaten.

(用语疑问句表示惊讶，惊奇，怀疑)

Is it 10 o’clock already? 都十点钟了?

(2010安徽中考题)

-- What’s the date today?今天几号了?

--It’s June 16. 六月十六

--Already? Then it’s Dragon Boat Festival today, isn’t it?是吗?那么今天是端午节了，对吗

45. also (ad.) 也,亦;还; 同样地

John is also 19 years old约翰也是十九岁。

Since you've accepted the invitation, I'll also accept it. 既然你已接受邀请,那我也接受邀请。

He not only plays well, but also writes music.

46. although (conj.) 虽然;尽管

Although he was ill, he worked hard.

他虽然生病,但仍努力工作。