中考英语二轮总复习之复合句

名师导航

1.宾语从句的时态、语序及句中连词和代词的选用。

2.状语从句中的连词及时态。

3.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的具体用法。

考点梳理

考点一 宾语从句

1.引导词

(1)在以that 引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，that 可以省略。如：

The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.

收音机报道说明天有雨。

(2)以连接代词 which, what, who 等或连接副词how, where, why, when 等引导特殊疑问句作宾语的从句，从句改用陈述句语序。如：

Could you tell me what he speak to you?

你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗?

(3)以whether 或if 引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句，从句改用陈述句语序。如：

I wonder whether you have told the news to Li Lei.

我想知道你是否已经知道这个消息了。

2.时态

(1)当主句为一般现在时态时，从句根据语境可以使用任何时态。如：

Xiaoming wants to know what time you got up this morning.小明想要知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。

(2)当主句为一般过去时态时，通常情况下，从句要用相应的过去的时态。如：

We asked what Lily was doing then.

我们问莉莉那时她正在做什么。

(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。如：

Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.

莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。

Polly said no news is good news.

波利说没有消息就是好消息。

3.语序

宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，即主语、谓语的顺序不能颠倒。如：

Do you know where he lives?

你知道他住在哪儿吗?

Can you tell me when the plane will arrive?

你能告诉我飞机将在什么时候到达吗?

[提醒]宾语从句与简单句的转换：

由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构的简单句。如：

I don't know what I should say.→I don't know what to say.

我不知道要说什么。

【即时训练】

1.【2012湖南省岳阳】23. —Do you know the lady ______is talking with Mr. Smith?

—Yes, she’s our new chemistry teacher, Miss Brown.

A. who B. which C. whom

2.【2012贵州铜仁】30. —Could you tell me________________?—Yes, you can go there by bus.

A. how can I get to the Miao King City B. where is the Miao King City

C. how I can get to the Miao King City D. where the Miao King City is

3.【2012贵州六盘水】35. I wonder ___________ .

A. where does he live

B. how old he is

C. what is he doing?

D. how soon will he come hack

4.【2012浙江温州】9, — Can you tell me______ to travel to Dalian?

— About two hours by plane.

A. how much it costs B. what I should take

C. how long it takes D. which is the best season

5.【2012浙江衢州】29. — Can you tell me _______?

— He is in the library.

A, where was Jack B. where Jack was

C, where is Jack D. where Jack is

考点二 状语从句

1.分类

(1)时间状语从句

由when, before, after, until, as soon as, while, as, since 等引导的状语从句叫作时间状语从句。如：

I feel very happy ______ I meet my friends again.

当我再次遇见我的朋友们时，我感到很高兴。

We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭，我们已经包了许多饺子了。

He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.

他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)

I'll call him as soon as he comes back.

他一回来我就给他打电话。

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.

我玩电脑游戏的同时，爸爸在清洗汽车。

(2)条件状语从句

由if(如果)引导的状语从句叫作条件状语从句。如：

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。

(3)目的状语从句

目的状语从句的引导词有 so that, in order that 等。 so that, in order that 引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词，现在时态常用 may, can 或 will;过去时态常用could, should 或 might，有时也用 would。 so that 引导的从句只能位于主句后。如：

He spoke louder so that others could hear him clearly. 他大声地说以便其他人能听清楚。

(4)结果状语从句

结果状语从句的引导词有 so…that, such…that(如此……以至于)。如：

He is so short that he can't reach the apple.

他太矮了，够不到那个苹果。

It is such a heavy box that I can't move it.

这是一个很重的箱子，我搬不动它。

2.主句与从句时态一致的问题

(1)主将从现。即状语从句的时态受到主句时态的影响。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时，从句通常不用将来时态，而用一般现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。如：

I'll give it to him as soon as he arrives.

他一到我就给他。

If he comes, please tell me.

如果他来，请告诉我。

(2)since 引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句为现在完成时。如：

He has made several friends since he came here two years ago. 自从他两年前来到这里，他已经交了好几个好朋友了。

(3)when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时态，从句用一般过去时态。如：

He was watching TV when I came in.

当我进来时，他正在看电视。

[提醒] ①宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。如：

I don't know if he will come.If he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否要来。如果他来，我会告诉他这起事故。

I don't know when he will come tomorrow. When he comes, I will tell him about the news.

我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时，我会告诉他这个消息。

②引导词与连词的使用

because与so, although/though与but不能同时用在一个主从复合句中。如：

Though/Although it was late, they kept working.

尽管很晚了，他们仍然继续工作。

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