中考英语二轮总复习之非谓语动词

名师导航

1.动词不定式作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语的用法。

2.动名词的用法。

3.现在分词和过去分词的用法。

考点梳理

考点一 动词不定式

动词不定式的构成： to+动词原形(有些动词不定式需要不带to)。它没有人称和数的变化;在句中不能作谓语，但能保持动词的特点。

1.作主语

常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末。常用句型结构为“It's+adj./n.+(for/of sb)+to do sth.”如：

To ask the teacher for help is necessary.

=It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.

向老师求教是必要的。

2.作宾语

(1)后接不定式作宾语的动词有： want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, expect, refuse, learn，remember, forget, would like/love等。如：

I hope __________ there before dark.

我希望天黑以前到那儿。

(2)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式移至形容词之后，构成“主语+动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。如：

I found it difficult to solve the problem.

我发现解决这个问题很难。

3.作宾语补足语

(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有： tell, ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, like, encourage等。如：

The teacher told us __________ Exercise 1.

老师要我们做练习一。

(2)在使役动词let, make, have和感官动词see，hear, watch, notice, feel, find等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。但是，当上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上to。如：

We often hear her sing. 我们经常听见她唱歌。

→被动语态： She is often heard to sing.

她常被听见唱歌。

4.作状语

不定式作状语，常见的有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。

Later he left home to work in different cities.

后来他离开家到不同的城市工作。

5.作定语(须后置)

I don't have a partner to practice English with.

我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。

6.作表语

Their duty is ______ ____ the animals.

他们的职责是照看动物。

7. “疑问词+不定式”结构

动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, when, where, how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。如：

He doesn't know ________________.

他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语)

Where to go has not been decided.

要去哪里还未决定。(作主语)

[提醒] 动词不定式的否定结构是： not to do sth。

【即时训练】

1.【2013黑龙江绥化】14. Remember ________ off the lights when you leave the room, please.

A. to turn B. turning C. turn

2.【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】20. It takes me half an hour the piano every day.

A. play B. playing C. to play

3.【2013湖北随州】34. —What did your teacher say this morning?

—She told us ______ make faces in class.

to not B. not to C. do not D. didn't

4.【2013四川凉山】32.When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place .

A. to live B. living in C. to live in

5.【2013浙江舟山、嘉兴】24. —I’m new here.

—Don’t worry. I’ll do what I can ________ you.

A. help B. to help C. invite D. to invite

6.【2013山东泰安】30. —Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?

—_______ abroad for further study.

A. Go B. Gone C. To go D. Goes

7.【2013山东青岛】15. — Excuse me. Could you please tell me ______ my car?

—Sure. Park it right here. I’ll help you.

A. how to stop B. where to park C. where to stop D. when to park

8.【2013 甘肃白银】59. The little boy pretended _______ when his mother came in.

A. sleeping B. asleep C. to asleep D. to be asleep

9.【2013 甘肃白银】57. ——George was heard _______ just now. What happened?

——People was telling a joke.

A. to cry B. cry C. to laugh D. laugh

10.【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】27. Animals are our close friends. We are supposed them.

A. to protect B. protecting C. protect

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