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一． 上升增长 1．…add up to… 增加了 eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.

2． to jump to / to soar to.. 一跃达到/ 猛增到… eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.

3．…an increase of about…percent as compared with.. 与…相比大约增加了… eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.

4．…to experience an increase/incline …有了增长 eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.

二． 下降，减少 1．…to sink/drop/reduce to… 减少到… eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.

2．…to experience a decrease/decline …有了减少 eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意：

修饰上升/减少的副词有： rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有： the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%

三． 起伏 1．…to go up and down …起伏不定 eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.

2．There be ups and downs …有起有伏 eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in （某方面）.

四． 稳定 1．…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持稳定，几乎不变 eg. The rate of …remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967.

2．…to level off (vi.) eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off.

注意： 修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有： almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型： the general situation was not worsening show indications of improvement it can be predicted that… eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening. eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in …

五． 成正比，反比 1．…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与…成正比/反比 eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.

六． 占百分之几，几分之几 1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之… eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the US.population. eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.

2．…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1/4 eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.

3．…account for…percent 占百分之几 eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…

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