3) 这些是具体的知识，但是青少年吸收理解许多关于政治系统的不言而喻的假定要更重要一些。这些假定，例如国家可以“适当地”对民众提出什么要求或民众对国家提出什么要求，以及政府与学校、教会等社会辅助机构之间“特定的”关系等，形成了理解政治系统的共同基础。

[要点] 比较结构的翻译;代词they的翻译

[句法] 由but连接的并列复合句。than...schools and churches作比较状语。其中包含that引导的定语从句修饰assumptions;for example后面的两个例子是对assumptions的补充说明。翻译注意：因为but后面的分句主要讲absorption，所以有必要在翻译时将主语由they调整为absorption。因此less critical than的比较含义就应该按照逻辑顺序翻译为“更重要一些”。

[点拨] absorption of a feeling for意为“关于…的感受的吸收”，如果这样翻译将十分拗口，让人看不明白，因此将absorption和feeling合在一起处理为“吸收理解”。

4) 青少年对政治存有幼稚想法并非源于他们对“事实”的忽视，而是由于他们对政治系统的惯例不完全理解，对一些常规和非常规的做法以及事情该怎么做、为什么做或为什么不做等缺乏认识。

[要点] 定语从句的翻译;介词结构的翻译

[句法] 复合句。句子主干由not from...but from...串联而成。that引导的定语从句修饰naiveté;名词结构an incomplete comprehension后跟了三个of引导的介词结构。翻译注意：定语从句可以逆向翻译，省去这个从句，直接翻译为“青少年对政治存有幼稚想法”。of引导的介词结构由于较长，翻译时可重复其中心词。

5) 像儿童不用掌握排列原则就能学会数数一样，青少年也可以在脑海中形成许多随意而零碎的政治信息，而无需明确理解这些信息背后的概念。

[要点] 方式状语从句的翻译;定语从句的翻译

[句法] 复合句。as引导方式状语从句;that引导的定语从句修饰concepts，采用“前置法”翻译成“的”字结构。

[词法] secure的意思是“安全的;可靠的”，因其与understanding搭配，故引申为“明确理解”。

Writing

Part A

[参考范文]

Dear Pain,

I have learned with delight that you have been admitted by the famous Tsinghua University as a Master of Science student in Mathematics. I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations.

You must be very happy at the good news. I know this is surely owing to your talent and diligence. It is also a reward you richly deserve for your years of hard work. And as your good friend I feel very happy for you, too.

Kindly let me know when you are free. I hope that we have time to get together. Wish you a more successful future.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

[参考范文]

On Policy Making

①From the picture, we know that a man is weaving a bamboo basket. ②On the one hand, he is going great guns to do his job. ③On the one hand, the baskets already made have formed a small mountain on which spiders are spinning webs. ④Symbolically, the bamboo baskets represent rules and regulations made by the authorities. ⑤Therefore, it can easily be seen that the picture is aiming at the phenomenon that nowadays rules and regulations are frequently made but rarely enforced.

⑥There are many reasons accounting for the above phenomenon. ⑦The most contributing one is that some policy makers don't take the reality into consideration when they lay down rules and regulations. As a result, these rules are only found useless. ⑧In addition, official corruption is part of the cause. ⑨To improve performance and get promotion, many officials go astray and mistakenly think that policies they formulate are a direct reflection of their achievements.

⑩Considering the above analysis, I think immediate measures should be taken to prevent the problem from deteriorating.  On the one hand, policy makers should never abandon their tradition of doing things in a practical and realistic way.  On the other hand, it is necessary for authorities to pay close attention to the enforcement of rules.

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