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I am a hip-hop head for life. I have tagged my moniker—— “kepo1”——on walls; break-danced on cardboard; bumped elbows with fellow hip-hoppers at legendary clubs like The Rooftop， Union Square and Latin Quarter in New York City， and done everything from organizing rap shows to working as a hip-hop journalist and managing music producers. This culture has not only rescued the lives of countless masses who look like me， but it has empowered more young， working-class black and Latino cats than the civil-rights movement.

Yet something peculiar erupts when you've been around hip-hop for a while. Although you still love it， you look at its culture from a more critical perspective， particularly if you have studied other music genres， traveled widely and reflected intensely. You realize that what began as party music has come to be the soundtrack for post-civil-rights America. You realize that hip-hop is urban folk art， and as much an indication of the conditions in impoverished areas as bluesman Robert Johnson's laments in the 1930s. Naturally， you see a connection between the lives of Johnson and Tupac Shakur， not to mention a not-so-funny link between the mainstream hyping of Elvis and Eminem as innovators of black music forms. And， for sure， you wonder， loudly， if what happened to rock and roll will happen to hip-hop， if it hasn't already.

That is the external battle for hip-hop today： corporate control and cooptation. But there is also a civil war going on within the hip-hop nation. Part of it， unquestionably， has to do with this corporate stranglehold. Part of it has to do with the incredibly apolitical times in which we live： for some white Americans the current economic boom has created the myth that things are swell for all Americans. Not the case; 20 years after the Reagan backlash on civil rights， the influx of crack and guns and the acceleration of a disturbing class divide in black America， hip-hop has come to symbolize a generation fragmented by integration， migration， abandonment， alienation and， yes， self-hatred. Thus， hip-hop， once vibrant， edgy， fresh and def， is now as materialistic， hedonistic， misogynistic， shallow and violent as some of the films and TV shows launched from Hollywood.

It wasn't always that way. But， unfortunately， the golden era of hip-hop——that period in the late '80s and early '90s when such diverse artists as Public Enemy， N.W.A， Queen Latifah， MC Hammer， LL Cool J and De La Soul coexisted and there was no such thing as “positive” or “negative” rap——has long been dead. Gone as well is an embrace of hip-hop's four elements： graffiti writing， the dance element (or what some call break-dancing)， DJing and MCing. The MC or “rapper” has been singled out to be his own man in this very male-centered arena， and the formula for a hit record is simple： fancy yourself a thug， pimp or gangster; rhyme about jewelry， clothing and alcohol; denigrate women in every conceivable way， and party and b.s. ad nauseam.

注(1)：本文选自Newsweek; 10/09/2000， p66;

注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2005年真题Text 1;

1.In the opening paragraph， the author introduces his topic by

[A]posing a contrast.

[B]justifying an assumption.

[C]explaining a phenomenon.

[D]making a comparison.

2.Paragraph 2 implies that

[A]blues， rock and roll and hip-hop are all urban folk music.

[B]the fates of the music represented by these singers are quite similar.

[C]the singers with the same background have the same fate.

[D]a wide knowledge about the lives of singers makes you well understand their music.