句中regard … as意思是“将……视为”。如：

I regard him as my brother. 我将他当成我的兄弟。

He is regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被视为是城内最好的医生了。

6. They would go with him in his car every day as he went to the farms to heal sick animals. 当他到农场给生病的动物看病时，这两条狗都坐车跟着他。

句中as 是连词，意思是“当……的时候，一面……一面”，(强调同时，一般连续时间不长)，如：

As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正当我们谈论“泰坦尼克号”这部电影时，教师进来了。

The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。

When、while和as一样都是连词，注意它们的不同。如when“当……的时候”(一般表示动作紧接着发生);“那时”(等立连词，前有逗号分开)

I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山，那时天开始下雨了。

while是“当……时候;和……同时”(强调同时发生，一般连续时间较长)

While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候，他正在看书。

While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。

7. Later in his life, James Herriot wrote a lot about his experience as a country vet in Yorkshine, England. 在赫瑞尔的晚年，他根据在英国约克郡当乡村兽医时的经验写下许多著作。

句中的as 是介词，意思是“作为，当作”。如：

I have come here as a journalist. 我是以记者身份到这里来的。

As a student, you must study hard for the people. 作为一名学生，你必须努力为人民而学习。

8. No matter how much he loved all kinds of animals, he loved dogs the best. 不管他多么喜欢各种各样的动物，他还是最喜欢狗的。

句中no matter作连词用，意思是“不管”。如：

No matter how hot it is! 不管多么热。

Don’t trust him, no matter what he says or does. 他不管说什么，做什么，都不要信任他。

Don’t trust him, no matter what he says. 不管他说什么，你都不要信任他。

Don’t believe the rumour, no matter who repeats it. 不论是谁说的，都不要相信这谣言。

No matter where she is, I must find her. 不论她在哪儿，我都要找到她。

第60课重点例句及相关知识的分析

1. Mrs Parley said she felt as if they were in a storm at sea. 帕利太太说她觉得好象是在海上乘船遇到了风暴似的。

句中as if 相当于as though “仿佛……似的”。注意：当主句是一般现在时，as if从句用一般过去时;当主句是一般过去时，as if从句用表示过去的相应时态。如：

He speaks English as if he were an Englishman. 他说起英语来好像一个英国人似的。

He acted as if (as though) nothing had happened. 他表现得似乎没有发生什么事。

She loves the child as if he were here own. 她爱这孩子如同爱自己的孩子一样。

此外，as if (as though)后可以跟动词不定式。如：

She raised her hand as though (as if) to hang the picture on the wall. 她举手象要把这幅画挂在墙上。

He raised his hand as though to take off his hat. 他举起手来，像要脱帽似的。

2. She tried hard to reach the baby’s room… but the house broke in two, dropping her to the first floor and leaving the baby’s bed hanging in the edge of the two-story house. 他尽力地到达婴儿房间，但是房子裂成了两半，把她摔到了楼下，而婴儿的小床留在上面，搭在这座二层楼的边缘上，摇摇欲坠。

由dropping 和leaving 组成的两个-ing形式短语在句中作伴随情况状语。如：

They came into the room laughing and talking. 他们说说笑笑地走进屋来。

Taking a dictionary, she began to prepare her lessons. 她拿了本词典，开始准备功课。

3. …… just as the bed crashed to the first floor ……与此同时床坠落到了一楼。

4. It is true to say a dog is man’s best friend or at least Roberts best friend. 事实上说狗是人类最好的朋友，起码是罗特的最好的朋友。

* 句中it是形式主语，to say a dog动词不定式是真实主语。

句中it作先行代词用。It在句中充当形式主语或形式宾语，而将真正的和逻辑上的主语或宾语(通常用不定式短语、动名词短语或从句表示)移到后面去。如：

It is very important for us to learn English. (it代替不定式to learn English做形式主语)我们学习英语是十分重要的。

It takes much time to carry out a test. (it 代替不定式to carry out a test作形式主语)进行试验是要花费许多时间的。

it 作形式宾语：在具有宾语补语的句子里，it在动词后作直接宾语的先行代词，在宾语补语后面再出现真正的直接宾语(一般以不定式短语、动名词短语表示，但也有用that引出一个宾语从句)。如：

I found it a bit difficult to work in class because I kept on thinking about, the match in the afternoon. 我发现在课堂上学习有点儿难，因为我一直在想着下午的比赛。

We think it useful to learn the computer well. 我们认为学好计算机是有用的。

* at least 意思是“至少，起码”。如：

At least I can give you ten dollars. 最少我能给你十美元。

at least 的反义词是at most 意思是“至多”。

I can pay only fifty dollars at most. 我最多只能付五十美元。

语法讲解The Infinitive

动词不定式(三)

用作主语

To do the job well is not easy. 做好这工作不容易。

To drive fast is dangerous. 开快车是危险的。

To learn English well is very important.学好英语是很重要的。

在现代英语中，更为普遍的是用it 来开始一个句子，作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。例如：

It’s not easy to learn a foreign language well. 学好一门外语不容易。

It is necessary to make a plan for this course of study.必须制定一个学习这门课程的计划。

It’s better to give than to receive. 奉献总比索取好。

如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个for 引起的短语：

It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. 对于一个人来说做点好事并不难。

在以某些形容词(如: kind ,good ,nice ,clever, wrong, right ,foolish, wise, unwise等)作表语时，不定式前常可加一个of引起的短语，来说明不定式指的是谁的情况，如：

It’s kind of you to think so much of us. 你总是想着我们真是太好了。

例句：

To make a mistake is human. 犯错误是人之常情。

It’s better to be the safe side. 万无一失更好。

To speak well ……/ ill of everyone……说人好(坏)话……

To work hard is the key to success. 勤奋学习是成功的钥匙。

Lesson 57 教学设计示例

Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projector

Teaching Objectives:

1. Understand the dialogue.

2. Learn some useful structures and phrases.

3. Learn the grammar: the Infinitive.

Language focus: like being a… , play with, a lot of fun

Teaching Procedures:

I. Showing the teaching aims

II. Revision

Revise the names of animals that could be kept as pets: dog, cat, snake, parrot, rabbit, fish, etc. Ask Does anyone have a pet? wWhat kinds of animals would you like to have as pets?

III. Leading in

Ask: What do you want to be when you grow up? Let the students discuss the question. Then give the second question: What do you want to be, a doctor for humans or a doctor for animals? Why?

IV. Presentation

Look at the picture in Lesson 57. The boy is sitting on the sofa. His father is talking with a dog in his hand. What did they say? Play the tape for the students to listen, check the answers with the students. Then read the dialogue and answer the questions of Exercise 1 in the workbook in pairs. Go through the dialogue and explain some language points.

Play the tape for the students to listen and repeat, ask the students to practise. Then let them act out the dialogue in pairs.

VI. Free practice

Do an example with one student. Then let the class make up their own dialogues in pairs. Get them to act out their dialogues. Ask the students to discuss the questions. Ask:

Do you think its more important to help people than animals? Why?

What kinds of jobs do you know?

What would you like to be in the future?

What are your parents job?

Do your parents like their job? Why or why not?

VI. Presentation

Ask the students to find the Infinitive sentences. 1. To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding. 2. To help animals is helping people. Ask the students to pay attention to the Infinitive. Give them more examples to understand better. Then go through Part 3. Choose the possible answer. Let the students master this form:

It is adj . + to do something / To do something is + adj .

VII. Workbook

Do Exercise 3 in class. Let the students translate the sentences into Chinese.

VII. Summary

Exercises in class

Have a dictation.

1. Do you like being a doctor for animals?

2.To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding.

3. To help animals is helping people.

4. A pet can help a person feel less lonely.

5. To play with a pet is a lot of fun.

6. To complain too often isn’t a good thing.

7. To work hard brings success.

Open the books check the answers by themselves and correct their spelling mistakes.

IX. Homework

1. Recite the dialogue.

2. Pre - read in Lesson 58.

Lesson 58教学设计示例

Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projector.

Teaching Objectives:

1. Understand the text.

2. Learn some useful words and expressions.

Teaching Procedures:

I. Showily the teaching aims

II. Revision

Check the homework. Then revise the dialogue in Lesson 57. Ask the students to act out the dialogue. Study the new words in this lesson.

III. Leading in

Ask the students this question: There is a famous animal doctor in England. He wrote many books about animals, what’s his name? Let the students read the text and answer the question.

IV. Reading

Ask the students to listen to the tape and answer the question: Which animal did Herriot like best? Then go through the questions of Exercise 1 in the workbook. Make sure they can understand them. Ask them to read the story more carefully and discuss the answers to Exercise I in the workbook in pains. Check the answers with the whole class. Deal with any grammatical or lexical problems that arise.

1. make up ones mind to do something

He has made up his mind to study English well.

2. go on with something: Let’s go on with our lesson.

3. regard . . . as

He regards his teacher as his mother.

V. Reeling aloud

Play the tape for the students to listen and repeat. Use any methods that you think suitable: repetition by the whole class, groups, pairs or individual students. Then give out some key words and phrases. Let the students retell the story.

VI. Workbook

Do Exercise 2. The answers are: for, grow up, into, that, made up, mind, treat, Before, treated, heal, treating, At, at, on, regarded

For Exercise 3. Let the students do it by themselves. Choose the best answer, then read the sentences together. Pay attention to the grammar. Let the students make up more sentences.

VII. Summary

Exercises in class

Fill in the blanks.

1. He made up his mind ________(study) English well.

2.________(treat) large animals is hard work.

3. Ifs hard work ________(treat) the dogs.

4. Please go on ________(read) the text.

5. He grew up with a pet dog________ (name) Don.

6. The dogs ________ never________(treat) when they became sick.

7. Everyday as he went to the farmers ________(heal) sick animals.

Answers: to study, Treating, to treat, reading, named, were treated, to heal

VIII. Homework

1. learn the phrases, make sentences with them.

2. Retell the story.