The teacher gave a toy to each child.

Each ball has a different colour.

当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。

Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.

Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.

5. all和both的用法。

1)all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。

All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。(作主语)

= We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语)

All the water has been used up. (作主语)

That's all for today. (作表语)

Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语)

All the leaders are here. (作定语)

2)both作代词。

①与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。

Lucy and Lily both agree with us.

They both passed on their sticks at the same time.

How are your parents? They're both fine.

②与“of +代词(或名词)”连用，表示“两者都”。

Both of them came to see Mary.

Both of the books are very interesting.

③单独使用，表示“两者(都)”。

Michael has two sons. Both are clever.

I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.

3)both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。

Both his younger sisters are our classmates.

. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.

六. 相互代词

表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。

We should learn from each other / one another. (作宾语)

Do you often write to each other / one another? (作宾语)

We often borrow each other's / one another's books. (作定语)

The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.

(作定语)

七. 疑问代词

疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑

问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：

Who is going to come here tomorrow? (作主语)

What is that?  (作表语)

Whose umbrella is this?  (作定语)

Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)

八.关系代词

关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：

I hate people who talk much but do little.

I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.

With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.

Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?

【实例解析】

1. (2004年北京市中考试题)

Mary, please show ________ your picture.

A. my  B. mine  C. I  D. me

答案：D。该提考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。在本题中，动词show的后面要跟双宾语，空白处缺少一个间接宾语，所以应选me。

2. (2004年北京市中考试题)

---What’s on TV tonight? Is there _________ interesting?

---I’m afraid not.

A. something  B. anything  C. nothing  D. everything

答案：B。该提考查的是不定代词的用法。这是一个疑问句。在疑问句中，通常用anything。

3. (2004年上海徐汇区中考试题)

________ of them has his own opinion.

A. Both  B. Some  C. Every  D. Each

答案：D。该题考查的是不定代词用法。因为谓语动词是单数形式，所以Both和Some都不对。Every 不能作主语，所以只有Each合适。

4. (2004年安徽省中考试题)

---Where is my pen?

---Oh, sorry. I have taken _______ by mistake.

A. yours  B. his  C. mine  D. hers

答案：A。该题考查的是物主代词的用法。根据题干的背景，我们可以判断出错拿的钢笔应该是对方的，所以选yours。