5. 分词的否定形式。 not + 分词

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait. 不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school. 小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。

6. 分词的时态

分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing. 看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed. 回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right. 收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk. 晚饭后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky. 他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。

7. 分词的被动形式

分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。

The entertainment building being built will be completed next year. 正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。

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