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重庆2016高考英语语法易错点

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2016-05-11

英语是现在世界上用的最多的一门语言,许多国家都在学英语和用英语,所以,学好了英语,出门就不怕沟通不方便了。精品学习网为大家推荐了高考英语语法易错点,请大家仔细阅读,希望你喜欢。

一、定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom),所有格whose)和关系副词

where when why

等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词that,which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose在从句中作定语,而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。

如:

①I will never forget thedays when/in which we

worked together.

②I will never forget thedays which/that we spent

together.

解析:在句①中,表示时间的名词the

days在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词when来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词the

days;而在句②中,表示时间的名词the

days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语,所以用关系代词that或which来代指。

同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副词where

或why来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which或that来代替。

如:

①This is the factorywhere/in which I worked.(作状语)

②This is the factorythat/which I visited years

ago.(作宾语)

注:当先行词为time,reason, place时,引导词可以省略。如:

①This was the first(when/what) I had serious

trouble with my boss.

②That is the reason (why)I did it.

③This is the place (where)we met yesterday.

另外,定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如:

①Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present

at the party.0

②He is one of the studentswho were praised by the

teacher.

解析:在句①中,先行词foreigner被only修饰,强调只有一个,所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式,而在句②中,who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the

students,为复数,所以从句谓语动词应为复数。

感悟:学生之所以在这一点上经常出错,主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻,分辨不出主句和从句,对句子成分的把握也不到位,搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以要做好这一类题,要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法,而且应善于分辨和分析句子结构及其相应成分,这样才能对症下药,快速准确地找到瓿之所在

名词性从句中的易错点

(一)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句

定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系,“……的名词”,而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词,如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定语从句中必须作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。如:

①Along with the letter washis promise that he

would visit me this comingChristmas. ②Do you

still remember the chickenfarm that we visited

three months ago.

解析:在句①中,that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容,that不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,而在句②中,that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语,对先行词the

chicken farm起修饰作用。

感悟:学生之所以在这一点上容易出错,主要还是因为对定语从句的理解不够深刻,分辨不出that在从句中是否充当了句子成分,因此,还需在句子分析上下功夫,并且搞清何谓同位语从句。

(二)名词性从句中,关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点

1)名词性从句作主语或宾语时,为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如:

It’s a pity that he don’tcome to give a

speech.(形式主语)

We think it possible thatyou can finish the job

today.(形式宾语)

2谓语动词 appreciate, dislike,hate, like, love,

make等接由if或when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it.

例如:I would appreciate it ifyou could come to my

birthday party.

3动词hare, take, hide, punish,put等,后接由that

引导的病因从句式,往往在从句前加形式宾语it.

例如:① I take it that you willbe leaving Shanghai

soon.

② we punished it that wehad finished the project

ahead of time.

4短语动词answer for, count ondepend on, insist on,

see to等后接有that引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语it.

例如:① I’m counting on it thatyou will come.

② She’ll see to it that hegoes ahead.

注:作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it.

三、代词itonethat的用法与区别.

One泛指,指代前面提到的那类人或物,用于指代可数名词,相当于a+名词单数,其复数形式ones前一般要有定语,否则就要用some.

That(those复数)即可指代不可数名词,表特指,相当于the+名词,后面经常与介词修饰语连用。

It指代上文出现的名词,表示同类同物,另外还可表示时间、距离、天气、还可指代人称代词,表示性别身份不明,可作形式主语,形式宾语,引导强调句式以及一些固定搭配,如:get

it, catch it, make it.

例如:① I have lost my watch. Ithink I must buy

one.我丢了只表,我想我必须再买一只。(代指上文指到的同类事物,但不指同一个)

② Where is my pen? Haveyou seen it?

我的钢笔不知弄到哪去了,你见了吗?(代指上文提到的同一事物)

③ The land of Chinais larger than that of

America.

④ Tome has a red pen and ablue one (或two blue

ones)

⑤ He has no child, and hewants toadopt one (或

some)

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