(六)

(2014·辽宁)

Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life.Every waking moment，the eyes are working to see the world around us.Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight，but it’s easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes.Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：

?Schedule yearly exams.36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment，including eyeglasses.

?Protect against UV rays(紫外线).Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes.No matter what the season is，it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses.37 .

?Give your eyes a break.Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.38 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule：every 20 minutes，take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.

?39 As part of a healthy diet，eat more fruits and vegetables each day.Vitamins(维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.

?Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses(隐形眼镜).Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight.While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.40 Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.

A.Eat your greens.

B.Eye care should begin early in life.

C.They can properly protect your eyes.

D.Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.

E.Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight.

F.Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.

G.This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.

36.答案 B

解析 空格后面的句子提到了父母应该带6到12个月大的婴儿去做检查，这正好与B项的early in life相匹配。

37.答案 C

解析 做阅读填空题时一定要注意空格前后句子的内容联系。该空前面句子中的sunglasses正好与C项的主语they相匹配，这样借助于前后句的依存关系，利用代词的指代查找，便能轻松解题。

38.答案 G

解析 G项中的主语this frequent eye activity指代的正是空格前面提到的每天花多达7个小时的时间用电脑或其他数码产品。

39.答案 A

解析 考查段落主旨句。选择主旨句时一定要注意该句能概括本段的大意。该段主要是说保护眼睛的饮食问题，关键词diet和eat也是提示。

40.答案 F

解析 know-how类说明文中otherwise前面往往都要交代做法，多用祈使句形式。本段的主旨句部分中又出现了safe wear这一关键词，据此不难判断出正确答案为F。

(七)

(2014·北京)

Evaluating Sources(来源) of Health Information

Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information，how to separate fact from opinion，how to recognize poor reasoning，and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.71

Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study.72

Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to”or is “associated with”an outcome;this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.

Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true，probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.74 Evaluate “scientific”statements carefully，and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).

75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration，but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.

Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

A.Make choices that are right for you.

B.The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

C.Be sure to work through the critical questions.

D.And examine the findings of the original research.

E.Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

F.Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.

G.The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

71.答案 G

解析 通读全文可知，本文为“总——分——总”结构。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各种渠道的健康信息，下文接着就如何对这些信息进行分类整理给予一些建议。

72.答案 D

解析 根据该段作为主题句的第一句Go to the original source.(去探寻最初的来源。)可知，这一段都是围绕这个话题展开的，D项中的the original research与主题句相照应。

73.答案 F

解析 F项与第三段的主题句Watch for misleading language.相关，其中incorrectly explained与misleading相照应。

74.答案 B

解析 由空格前的Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.(对广告中所包含的信息一定要特别当心。)及该段中的be aware of quackery(警惕江湖骗术)可知，B项(广告的目的是卖出商品)符合该段语境。为了达到这个目的，商品的广告中可能包含虚假信息。

75.答案 A

解析 由该段中but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us可知，尽管我们有来自家人及朋友的大量信息，但归根结底还是要依靠我们自己来作出正确的选择。

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