Grasshoppers are having to change their song—one of the iconic sounds of summer—to make themselves heard above the noise of road traffic, ecologists have discovered. The study, published in the British Ecological Society's journal Functional Ecology, is the first to show that human-made noise affects natural insect populations. Animals use sound to communicate for many reasons, including marking out territory, warning of predators and finding mates, and although previous research shows birds, whales and even frogs change their calls in noisy environments, the impact of human-made noise on insects has been neglected until now. Ulrike Lampe and colleagues from the University of Bielefeld in Germany caught 188 male bow-winged grasshoppers, half from quiet locations and half from beside busy roads. The grasshoppers use their song to attract mates.

The team then studied the differences in the two groups' songs in the laboratory. To encourage them to sing they exposed the males to a female grasshopper, and then recorded their courtship songs. Analysis of almost 1,000 recordings revealed grasshoppers living beside noisy roads produced different songs to those living in quieter locations.

According to Lampe: "Bow-winged grasshoppers produce songs that include low and high frequency components. We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats increase the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song, which makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum(频谱)."

The team's findings are important because traffic noise could be upsetting the grasshopper's mating system(交配系统). "Increased noise levels could affect grasshopper courtship in several ways. It could prevent females from hearing male courtship songs properly, prevent females from recognizing males of their own species, or impair females' ability to estimate how attractive a male is from his song," Lampe explains.

Having discovered that human-made noise affects insect communication, the researchers now want to learn more about how the mechanism works, and whether the grasshoppers adapt to noise during their development as larvae(幼虫), or whether males from noisy habitats produce different songs due to genetic differences.

The bow-winged grasshopper is a common species in Central Europe. Adults occur mainly between July and September, preferring dry grasslands. Around 1.5 cm long, they vary in colour from green and browns to red and purple. The male's song consists of 2 second-long phrases that increase in amplitude (振幅) towards the end. The beginning of a phrase is characterized by slower ticking sounds that increase in speed and amplitude, leading to a buzzing sound towards the end of the phrase. A courtship song usually includes 2 phrases.

68. The author wrote the article to _________________.

A. introduce how grasshoppers make noises to attract mates.

B. raise the awareness of protecting bow-winged grasshoppers.

C. warn us that human-made noise has changed ecological system.

D. inform us of a recent discovery of ecological research.

69. Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?

A. Grasshoppers change their songs to adapt to the noisy environment.

B. Bow-winged grasshoppers use their songs to communicate.

C. Grasshoppers’ songs include both low and high frequency components.

D. Bow-winged grasshoppers are a common species in Central Europe.

70. What does the underlined word “impair” in the fourth paragraph mean?

A. repair          B. weaken         C. develop          D. improve

71. Which of the following statements is true according the passage?

A. Grasshopper larvae learn to adapt to human-made noise.

B. Animals make sounds only for the purpose of finding mates.

C. Road noise can cover the lower-frequency part of their song.

D. Bow-winged grasshoppers grow up into adults in spring.

D

Hilary Smith belonged to a good family. But by the age of twenty, he had spent all the money the good old family had. He then had some trouble with the bank and was put in prison. He escaped from the prison and ran to Australia without delay.

Hilary did not like Australia and Australia did not like Hilary. What he could do seemed to be one of two things: die or work. Then he remembered that he was not alone in the world. He had an aunt.

She was his father's only sister, but his father used to say she brought no glory to the family. Hilary, of course, tried to discover what she had done. It seemed that she had failed to marry a nobleman. Instead, she had chosen a husband who was connected with "trade". Of course as soon as she became "Mrs. Parks", her brother considered her dead. Later on, Mr. Parks died and left her a lot of money; but that did not bring her back to life in her brother's opinion.

Hilary discovered his aunt's address. Fortunately she remained faithful and honest to him even after she fell ill. So Hilary's star shone again, and soon he moved into her house and lived as comfortably as a sailor who had just reached harbor. He had only about a sixpence in his pocket.

One thing was soon clear: his aunt was seriously ill, and nothing could cure her illness. Hilary was very worried. Fate had found a home for him, and was now going to throw him out of it. There was only one thing that could save him: her will.

"Will?" she said, "yes, I have made one. That was when I was a girl and had not much money. I left all my money to some religious people."

"Didn't you make another will when you were married?" Hilary asked.

His aunt shook her head. "No," she said in a low voice, "There was no need. When I finally had a lot of money I found I had no relations."

On the next day he went to the public library and examined a book of law. It told him what he already believed. When a woman is married, an earlier will loses its value. A new will must be made. If no new will is made, the money goes to the nearest relation. Hilary knew that he was his aunt's only relation. His future was safe.

After a few months had passed, Hilary's problems became serious. He badly needed money. He had expensive tastes, and owed a lot of money to shopkeepers. They trusted him because his aunt was rich; but the debt was terrible.

Unfortunately his aunt did not want to discuss money matters at all. In the end they had a quarrel about the small amount of ten pounds. Hilary was not very angry. He began to wonder about a new problem. Was it kind to want his aunt to live any longer? Was it not better for her to die now? While he was considering what to do, his aunt told him that she was going to send for her lawyer. So she was going to make a new will, Hilary thought. She might leave all her money to someone else. Soon he reached a clear decision. He must do a great kindness to the poor old woman.

One night when the old servant who had been nursing his aunt went off, he doubled the amount of some medicine. The total amount was too great and it could just put her to sleep forever.

"Thank you," his aunt took the glass from his hand with a grateful look." I want, more than anything, to sleep, and never to wake up again. Is that what you wish, Hilary? Don't blame me if I have some doubts about what you intended to do. Sick people get these ideas, you know. One thing I ought to explain to you. Mr. Parks never married me. He already had a wife and couldn't marry again. That made your foolish father very angry with me...Well, if I am alive tomorrow I shall make another will in your favor. If I die tonight, you'll get nothing...No, Hilary, don't try to take the glass away. If you do that, I shall know; and I don't want to know. Good night, Hilary."

Then, very carefully, she raised the glass to her mouth and drank.

72. Why did Hilary's father consider his aunt dead?

A. Because he thought she was a shame to the family.

B. Because she married a businessman with a wife against his will.

C. Because she broke away from the family for a better life.

D. Because they lost contact with each other after her marriage.

73. The underlined sentence "He must do a great kindness to the poor old woman" in paragraph 11 suggests that Hilary Smith ______.

A. decided to do his aunt a favor to call in a lawyer

B. was determined to put his aunt's life to an end

C. made up his mind to take good care of his aunt

D. would help his aunt to donate all her money to religious people

74. According to the law book, ______.

A. Hilary's aunt is not allowed to make a new will.

B. Hilary's aunt must leave the money to the religious people after she dies.

C. the money will go to Hilary after his aunt dies without a new will.

D. Hilary must look after his aunt till her death because he is the only relation.

75. Which detail from the story is the climax(高潮)of the story?

A. Hilary escaped from the prison.

B. Hilary quarreled with is aunt about ten pounds.

C. Hilary's aunt made a will to leave all her money to someone else.

D. Hilary's aunt drank the medicine her nephew prepared for her.

第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题l分，满分l0分)

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

There's a huge power in knowing how to make adjustments in life. In fact, it's possible to turn failure into success by making the right adjustments. The trick is in knowing where the adjustment is needed and how much.

We call people who have the ability to make the best life adjustments happy. And on the other hand we call people who refuse or neglect to make adjustments sad, frustrated or confused.

Whatever your stage in life, age or financial level, everyone will face what I call the 3 C's. The 3 C's are changes, challenges and choices. The person who handles the 3 C's the best we call happy and well adjusted.

One obstacle many people trip over is assuming money will help them make the best life adjustments. Wrong! It may help in some ways, but even money won't help unless you have the knowledge and put in the effort. For instance, dysfunctional (不正常的) wealthy people who find it hard to deal with the challenges, changes and choices of life are not that hard to find.

So, what's one of the key factors of people who fail to live up to their potential? They fail to make life adjustments when faced with changes, challenges or choices.

Here are 3 simple but powerful tips to help you make effective life adjustments when faced with the 3 C's or changes, challenges and choices.

Learn To Think With Your Eyes And Ears

When you learn how to think with your eyes we call that observation and when you learn how to think with your ears we call that hearing. Most people see but few people know how to observe. The difference between seeing and observing is like the difference between reading and studying.

The same goes with listening. It only requires ears to hear, but it often takes awareness and thought to listen. One factor in helping you to listen better is to hear not only what people say but what they don't say. Reading body language and voice inflection can help you listen between the lines. All these play an effective role in helping you to think with your eyes and ears.

Learn To Go With The Flow

The people who learn to make the best life adjustments cultivate the habit of going with the flow. For example, they refuse to sweat the small stuff; they remain flexible to life changes. The best way to do that is to trust your instincts(直觉). The more you do that the more they will work for you.

Worry tends to ruin your God-given instincts. Notice people who can go with the flow and you'll find a person with sharp instincts.

Be Prepared For Changes, Challenges And Choices

If you can keep an attitude of preparation you'll have the best chance of making effective life adjustments. What kind? The kind that can see you through problems, setbacks and challenges.

As the saying goes, “If you stay ready, you don't have to get ready.” That's the best advice for anyone who wants to make the best life adjustments and win!

Title: Whoever Makes The Best Adjustments (76)

(77)                           Supporting details

Introduction Failure can turn into success when the right adjustments are made.

Definition 3C’s stand for changes, challenges and choices. And people best at (78)

3C’s are happy and well adjusted.

Wrong (79)

Money (80)           than your knowledge and effort will help you make the best life adjustments.

Three tips

Learn to (81)           and listen.

* Different from seeing, observation means thinking with eyes.

* (82)           hearing, listening requires awareness and thought.

Learn to go with the flow.

* Adapting to life changes without being (83)           about small stuff.

* Forming the habit of going with the flow by (84)           on your instincts.

Be prepared for 3C’s.

With an attitude of preparation, you are more (85)           to adjust to life effectively.

第五部分：单词拼写(共10题，满分10分)

请认真阅读下列句子，根据所读内容在空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

86. Everyone assembled in the hall at the a________ time.

87. Be ready and willing to make c________ between your needs and those of your partner.

88. He was faced with the d________ of whether or not to return to his country.

89. The Malvern Hills have provided i________ for many artists and musicians over the decades.

90. The printed word is no s________ for personal discussion with a great thinker.

91. ________(考虑到)that you are no longer involved with this man, your response is a little extreme.

92. When I first came to college I realized that brainpower didn't ________(重要) for much.

93. The students spent all day making ________(装饰) for the party.

94. Since ________ (平等) is highly valued in society, both men and women are supposed to have opportunities in finding a job.

95. The government is taking ________(试验性质的)steps towards tackling the country's economic problems.

第六部分：书面表达(共1题，满分20分)

阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150字左右的英语短文。

There once was a little boy who had a bad temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the back of the fence.

The first day the boy had driven 37 nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks, as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered daily gradually dwindled down. He discovered it was easier to hold his temper than to drive those nails into the fence.

Finally the day came when the boy didn’t lose his temper at all. He told his father about it and the father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper. The days passed and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that all the nails were gone.

The father took his son by the hand and led him to the fence. He said, “You have done well, my son, but look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger, they leave scars just like these. And no matter how many times you say you're sorry, the wounds will still be there.”

写作内容：

1. 以“Anger management”为题约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

2. 谈谈你的想法(120词)，内容包括：

(1)分析愤怒情绪可能产生的后果(至少两点);

(2)就如何控制愤怒情绪提出建议(至少两点)。

写作要求：1. 不得直接引用原文中的句子。

2. 作文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。

评分标准：概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。

Anger management

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