四、词义猜测题

即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。它是高考英语阅读理解中的一个难点，同学们应引起充分重视。猜测生词词义的方法很多，常用的有同义解释法、因果推断法、前后对比法、基本构词法、语境理解法、举例说明法、常识背景法、类属分析法等。请看2005年安徽卷中一道词义猜测题：

More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure(压力) from work, almost all said they worry more than they do at home. Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care.

◎The underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means ______.

A. research              B. review             C. exhibition           D. examination

此题答案选A。比较四个选项，同时结合常识，文中所提到的事实和数据应该是“调查和研究”得出的(其他几个选项可排除)。

五、推理判断题

即要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。此时应特别注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问“你”(考生)的想法，而是作者本人在字里行间所表述的观点。请看2005年全国卷中的一个段落：

Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold: First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw(缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June, but they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light.

◎By saying “the prize so dearly won” in paragraph 5, the writer wants to ______.

A. show the difficulty in picking the tomatoes

B. show the hardship of growing the roses

C. express her liking for the roses

D. express her care for the tomatoes

本文大意讲的是作者在春天偶然栽种的一棵西红柿长成后非常大，影响到园中的玫瑰花，作者在享受西红柿美味的同时，又难以割舍珍贵的玫瑰花，面对两种选择，作者举棋不定。

此题要求考生推测作者说the prize so dearly won的意图，属推理判断题。此题答案选A，其推理依据主要有以下几点：一是作者在第1句用了 the task一词，将摘西红柿看成是一项“任务”;二是作者在三个地方用了have to，表示摘西红柿不容易;三是作者还用了stand on my head, reach down and under…等夸张性用词，充分说明了摘西红柿的难度。比较四个选项，显然只有选项A最佳。

请再看一道高考真题实例：

Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth put it best when she said to her father. “But, Dad, you can’t be healthy if you’re dead.”

Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day. The big question is why.

◎Why did Elizabeth say to her father, “But, Dad, you can’t be healthy if you’re dead?

A. He was driving at great speed.

B. He was running across the street.

C. He didn’t have his safety belt on.

D. He didn’t take his medicine on time.

10岁的女儿对父亲说：“爸爸，你若死了，也就不可能健康了。”女儿为什么这样说呢?下文告诉我们：父亲匆匆忙忙在天黑之前开车赶回家，以便跑步锻炼身体，但却在开车回家时忘记系安全带。显然女儿是在责备父亲未系安全带开车，由此可推知答案应选 C。

小编为大家整理的高考英语阅读理解常见题型就到这里了，希望大家认真阅读，祝大家学业有成。

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