以前学过的与“花费”有关的结构有：

a) sb. spend + 时间/钱+on + 名词 某人花……做……

b) sb. spend + 时间/钱+ (in) doing sth. 某人花……做……

c)sb. pay + 钱+ for sth. 某人花钱买……

d) It take sb. + 时间/钱 + to do sth. 某人花时间/钱做

他每月花50元钱买书可译为：

He spends 50 yuan on books every month.

He spends 50 yuan (in) buying books every month.

He pays 50 yuan for books every month.

It takes him 50 yuan to buy books every month.

小明每天花两小时学英语可译为：

Xiao Ming spends 2 hours on English every day.

Xiao Ming spends 2 hours (in) learning English every day.

It takes Xiao Ming 2 hours to learn English every day.

5.Do yon mind if I smoke ? 你介意我抽烟吗?

1)Do/Would you mind if ...? 常用来表示“请求、许可”的意思。句中的mind作“介意”、“反对”解。注意：如果用Would you mind if . . . ?从句中就要用虚拟语气。如：

Do you mind if I close the window? 关上窗户你介意吗?

Would you mind if I closed the window? 关上窗户你介意吗?

2)在回答这样的句子时要特别注意：若在答语里表示“愿意(不反对)”，应说“Certainly not”或“Of course not”。若表示“不愿意(反对)”，应说“Im sorry, but...”，习惯上不用yes来直接回答。

3)在 Do/Would you mind之后还可跟动词-ing形式，在动词-ing之前还可以有人称代词宾格或物主代词，用来请求允许，或请求别人作某事。如：

Would you mind my turning off the TV?我关上电视你介意吗?

语法---句词性从句

一、名词性从句——宾语从句

宾语从句通常可分为三类：

1)由连词that引起的宾语从句

We know that it is not easy to give up smoking.我们知道戒烟不容易。

Suddenly he realized that he had made a mistake.突然他意识到他犯了一个错误。

I hope that you will be well.我希望你很快就会好起来。

说明：上述句子中的连词在口语和非正式场合均可省略。但是，下列句子中的连词在任何情况下都不可省略。

2)由连接代词或副词引起的宾语从句

Do you know when the meeting will be held? 你知道这次会议什么时候举行吗?

Please tell me what mother has bought for me today.请告诉我，妈妈今天给我买了些什么。

They didn’t say how many guests would attend the party.他们没有说会有多少客人来参加这次聚会。

I wonder whose bicycle this is. 我想知道这辆自行车是谁的。

3)由关系代词what引导的宾语从句

I can’t remember what he said at the meeting.我记不起来他在会上讲了些什么。

We thank you for what you have done for us.感谢您为我们所做的一切。

二、名词性从句——表语从句

与宾语从句一样，表语从句也可分为三类：

l)由连词that引导的表语从句

The problem with tobacco is that it contains a drug called nicotine.烟草的问题在于它里面含有一种叫做尼古丁的麻醉剂。

The difficulty is that smokers can’t go without smoking.困难的事情是：烟民们不吸烟就感到难受。

2)由连接代词或副词引导的表语从句

That’s how he passed the physics examination.他就是这样通过物理考试的。

That’s why we decide to sell our house.那就是我们决定把房子卖掉的原因。

3)由关系代词 what引导的表语从句

That’s what we should do.这是我们应该做的。

This country is no longer what it used to be.这个国家已不再是过去的样子了。