D

Scientists at Harvard University have recycled a kidney(‘肾)-in a rat. The researchers  removed a kidney froru a dead rat. Later, the renewed kidney was put into a living rat. It wasn't  perfect. It did, however, show signs of working like a kidney should.

"It's really beautiful work," Edward Ross, a kidney researcher at the University of Florida  in Gainesville, told Science News. He didn't work on the new study.

Kidneys are bean-shaped and act like guards in the body. They clean the blood by  reruoving waste and extra water. Every day, an adult's kidneys filter(过滤) enough blood to fill a bathtub half full. Along the way, they produce eight cups of urine(屎) from that waste and water. When a person's kidneys fail, all of that waste stays in the body. Such patients can quickly become very sick and die, unless they are regularly connected to a machine that filters their blood.

At any given time, about 100,000 people in the United States are waiting for a replacement kidney. But healthy donated kidneys are difficult to get. Either a living person must donate one, or a kidney must be removed from someone who just died and earlier had agreed to the donation. In either case, people receiving new kidneys face the risk that their bodies will reject the donated ones.

But there may be another option.  Researchers use knowledge of living things to grow or improve tissue that can aid human health. Harald Ott's team at Harvard started with a "used" kidney.

Scientists added kidney cells from rats and blood vessel cells from people to the matrix(母体). These cells attached themselves and began to multiply. Before long, they formed new kidney tissue.

The scientists placed this renewed kidney into another rat. There it produced a small amount of urine. rfhis experiment shows that the lab-grown kidney can do at least some of the workperformed by a healthy kidney.

The results are a promising first step toward helping people with serious kidney problems. "This is still very early, but they've come a long way," Ross said.

32. What can we infer from Paragraph l?

A. Biology is a new and helpful science.

B. It's hard to put the rebuilt kidney into the rat.

C. Kidneys are very important to our life.

D. A used kidney may be recycled for new life.

33. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A. The relationship between kidneys and health.

B. The difficulty of curing serious kidney diseases.

C. The function and importance of kidneys.

D. The methods of curing kidneys diseases.

34. For what purpose does the author use the figure 100,000 in Paragraph 4?

A. To stress used kidneys are hard to get.

B. To show the great need for healthy kidneys.

C. To explain many American people get kidney diseases.

D. To call on'people to donate kidneys.

35. Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. The scientists are satisfied with the result of the experiment.

B. Ross is a kidney expert who is involved in the experiment.

C. The function of the renewed kidney is the same as a healthy kidney.

D. The renewed kidney produced a great deal of urine.

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Running may be good exercise. but it can be difficult on the body. Here are five commonly shared ideas among fitness experts to reduce the risk of injury for people new to running or  Joggmg.

Take it easy

36    Most people get running injuries when they push themselves too hard. The body needs time to get used to increases in distance or speed. Muscles and joints need time to recover.

Listen to your body

Most running injuries do not come out of the blue.    37   They ruay include body aches,  sore muscles and pain that does not go away.

Get good running shoes

There is no single best shoe for every runner. You should find the shoe that offers the best  fit and support for your feet. More importantly, you should replace your shoes every 500 t0 800  kilometers.    38

Take good notes

Take some time after each run to write down notes about what you did and how you felt.

Look for patterns, things that happen over and over again.

For example, you may find that your knees ache when you run on continuous or back-to-back days.    39    These notes will help you identify the best workout for you.

Cross train

40     So physical fitness experts suggest some form of cross training to improve muscle balance and to help you stay injury free.

They say swimming, cycling, and yoga are good exercises to combine with running. These exercises are easier on the body.

A. Running also may help you live longer.

B. As we said earlier, running is hard on your body.

C. Do not run too much, too soon or too fast.

D. That will protect your feet from running injunes.

E. Adults need 75 minutes of vigorous exercise, like running.

F. Usually, there are warning signs.

G. But perhaps you feel great when you rest in between running days.

笫三部分  英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节  完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处

A little girl has been reunited with her missing favourite toy rabbit-thanks to a Facebook campaign.

Jackie, 18 months, was   41   when Flora, her toy rabbit, was   42   on a shopping   trip with her mum.

Engineer David found the rabbit   43   in a Cambridge car park   44   a month ago   on the way to work. As a   45    , ready to help others, he started   46   photos ofit in his Facebook.

Mr Craig and wife Annie pictured the rabbit at various famous websites in the .   47     the owner would see the pictures  48  . TV presenter Kirstie, actress Sammy and the city's   MP Julian all forwarded(转发) the photos to help.

They were   49   after a month by a   50   0fjackie's father,John Danesh,who   51    the daughter's toy in his office.

Jackie's mother Nathalie said her daughter was   52   to see Flora again, which she  has   53   since birth. She said: "Jackie was in deep sorrow when she found Flora missing.

I spent hours   54   around the Grand Arcade   55   center and following my steps but I just couldn't find it.    56    of my husband and me really can use    57    so we couldn't know anything about it. However, Hannah, his colleague,   58   the campaign. And it all came as a great surprise to Jackie."

John said: "Jackie    59    Flora all the night sleeping happily as though it had never been missing. I think we should thank so many    60    people. They helped us so much."

41. A. optimistic  B. hopeful  C. heartbroken  D. extraordinary

42. A, exposed   B.lost    C. destroyed   D. found

43. A. sobbing   B. moving   C. lying    D. disappearing

44, A. on purpose  B. in particular C.by chance  D. above all

45. A. doctor    B. teacher  C. organizer  D. volunteer

46. A. sending   B. taking   C. developing  D. appreciating

47. A. doubt    B. hope   C. case   D. trouble

48. A. on line   B. on TV   C. on the wall  D. on the poster

49. A. forwarded  B. heard   C. enjoyed  D. spotted

50. A. brother   B. colleague  C. classmate  D. cousin

51. A. mentioned  B.liked   C. found   D. saw

52. A. puzzled   B. terrified  C. pleased  D. amazed

53. A. had   B. missed   C. abandoned  D. seized

54. A. advertising   B. walking  C. looking  D. finding

55. A. swimming  B. reading  C. shopping  D. nursing

56. A. Either    B. Both   C. Each   D. Neither

57. A. public platform B. social media C. communication D. newspapers

58. A. ignored   B.launched  C. missed   D. noticed

59. A. hugged   B. broke   C. watched  D. mended

60. A. intelligent  B. vain   C. kind   D. grateful

第Ⅱ卷

注意事项：

用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

第三部分  英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

My favorite teacher is Mrs. McAfroos,    61    has taught us a lot about studying and living.

She always tells us: "Every effort that you've made today will pay    62    one day."

The other day, she    63    (show) us some slides about her travels around the world.

We saw many pictures in Paris and in Africa    64    (take) by her. She tries to show us 65    wonderful the world outside our little town is!  In addition, it is not far away. With her help, we are confident,    66   (believe) that in the future, we, too, could travel the world and discover these things ourselves. She never forbids us    67    (surf) the intemet as far as it is useful to our study. She says she    68    (feed) up with traditional teaching ways and encourages us to study with a creative method. All this is extremely    69    (benefit) to us.

Yes!  Our teachers teach us reading, maths and science. At the same time, they teach us how to live. They help us understand not only who we are,    70    also what we can become - doctors, writers, teachers, anything we want to be!  I hope we can take some time to tell them "Thank you - my dear teachers."

笫四部分  写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节  短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Sally was just 5 years old when her parents divorced. Unlucky girl although she was,

Sally didn't give up her dreams.

She was entered Stanford University in 1970. There she earned her degree, one in English and one in physics. Then Sally set out to studying further at the same university. One day in  1977,a newspaper article caught its attention, An article talked about how young astronauts were wanted. Sally got through the space program but did not expect to be chose. Just 35 are selected among over 8,000 people. Sally was one of them. She became an excellent astronaut in 1985 and carried out many experiments successful.

笫二节  书面表达(满分25分)

假如你是李华，收到澳大利亚一所高校的录取通知书，打算九月份按时报到(register)。请你写一封短信给该校招生负责人Mr. Robinson，咨询相关事宜，要点如下：

1.交通：是否有人接，何种交通工具;

2.住宿：单独住，有厨房;

3.其他：希望结识来自不同国家的学生。

注意：

1.词数100左右;

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;

3.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Mr. Robinson,

Thank you for your admission offer. __________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

IJi Hua

泰安市下学期期末高二年级考试

英语试题参考答案

第一部分听力：(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)

1—10 CBBAA  BCBAC  11—20 BBCAB  BACBC

第二部分阅读理解：(共20小题，每小题2分，共40分)

21—23DCA  24—27CBCD  28—31BAAD  32—35DCBA

36—40CFDGB

第三部分：英语知识运用，(共两节，满分45分)

第一节：完形填空(共20小题每小题1.5分，共30分)

41—50CBCCD  ABADB  51—60ADABC  DBDAC

第Ⅱ卷

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

61.who,  62.off  63.showed  64.taken  65.how  66.believing

67.to surf/from surfing  68.is fed  69.beneficial  70.but

笫四部分  写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节  短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)

Sally was just 5 years old when her parents divorced. Unlucky girl although(as  although)  she was,

Sally didn't give up her dreams.

She was(划掉was ) entered Stanford University in 1970. There she earned her degree,(degrees)one in English and one in physics. Then Sally set out to studying(study) further at the same university. One day in  1977,a newspaper article caught its(he) attention, An (The)article talked about how young astronauts were wanted. Sally got through the ∧(to)space program but did not expect to be chose. (chose.)Just 35 are (were)selected among over 8,000 people. Sally was one of them. She became an excellent astronaut in 1985 and carried out many experiments successful.( successfully)

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