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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists(悲观者) who expected their future to be worse.

The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.

Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.

The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.

“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.

Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.

“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.

Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline(下降). Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.

However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.

1. According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?

A. Optimistic adults.                 B. Middle-aged adults.

C. Adults in poor health.              D. Adults of lower income.

2. Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.

A. to fully enjoy their present life             B. to estimate their contribution accurately

C. to take measures against potential risks          D. to value health more highly than wealth

3. How do people of higher income see their future?

A. They will earn less money.         B. They will become pessimistic.

C. They will suffer mental illness.       D. They will have less time to enjoy life.

4. What is the clear conclusion of the study?

A. Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.

B. Good financial condition leads to good health.

C. Medical treatment determines health outcomes.

D. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

第二节 (共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

1      . We are taught how to hold a knife and fork and not to talk with our mouths full. We are taught how to shake hands and when to stand and when to sit and the way to introduce people.

2     . Almost everywhere eating together means that people are very friendly to each other. But in parts of Polynesia(波利尼西亚)it is bad manners to be seen eating beside each other. So they politely turn their backs to each other when they are taking food.

Some East Africans spit(吐痰)four times as a kind of blessing(祝福).They do it to show that they want a sick person to get well，or to bless a new-born baby.                        . It usually shows an unhealthy habit. In many countries，it may mean that you hate someone.

When we go to visit someone we say “Hello!”or” How are you?" or things like that. But if you are visiting an East African village，everyone will be very careful not to pay attention to you. The polite thing there will be for you to go quietly，without speaking to anyone, and sit beside your friend.           .

In a village in Arab，a visitor will walk behind all the tents until he gets to the one he wants to visit. If he passes in front，he will be invited into each tent and asked to eat.                      .

A. It is rude to refuse

B. It’s a big country with different customs.

C. In most other places，spitting means something completely different

D. Eating quickly is a bad habit.

E. From the time we were babies we have been taught manners

F. You should wait until he has finished what he is doing and then he will begin talking to you

G. Sometimes good manners in one place are very bad manners somewhere else

第三部分 英语知识运用 (共两节，满分)

完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分0分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Sally, only eight years old, heard Mommy and Daddy talking about her little brother, Georgie. He was very  1  and they had done what they could to save his life. Only a very  2 surgery (外科手术) could help him now but they had no money to  3 it. She heard Daddy whisper  4  , “Only  a miracle (奇迹) can save him now.”

Sally went to her bedroom and  5  her piggy-bank (存钱罐) from its hiding place. She  6 all the change out on the floor and counted it carefully. Then she  7  out of her house and made her way to the corner  8   store.

“I want to buy a miracle to save my brother,” said Sally.

“We don’t sell miracles here. I can’t 9  you,” said the pharmacist (药剂师).

There was a well-dressed man who was in the store. He  10  and asked, “What kind of a miracle does your brother need?”

“Sorry, I just know he’s really sick and Mommy says he needs an operation. 11  my family can’t pay for it, so I have my money,” Sally answered, 12  coming down her cheek.

“How much do you have?” asked the man. “A dollar and eleven cents,” Sally answered, 13  . “Well, what a coincidence (巧合) ,” smiled the man. “A dollar and eleven cents is the exact price of a(n) 4  to save your little brother.” He took her money and said, “ 15  me to where you live. I want to see your brother and meet your parents. ”

That man was a 16  surgeon (外科医生) , specializing in treating Georgie’s illness. The operation was completed without 7  and it wasn’t long until Georgie was home again and doing well. “That  18  ,”Sally’s mommy said, “is like a miracle. I wonder how much it would have cost.”

Sally smiled. She knew 19   how much a miracle cost … plus the 20  of a little child.