B

In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it.

Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours.

Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

41. Which of the following is the best way to make workers work harder according to the author?

A. Increasing their pay.

B. Giving them more spare time.

C. Making the work itself interesting.

D. Replacing large production lines with small ones.

42. According to Paragraph 2, different from the first group of experts, some other experts believe that

A. jobs should be made more interesting

B. factories should have more complicated machinery

C. workers' wages must be sufficiently increased

D. workers should be given the freedom to do their jobs in their own way

43. For a worker on an assembly line in a car factory, the job is not enjoyable because

A. he can only make a part of a car

B. he does not know what he is doing

C. his life in spare time is more interesting

D. the importance of his job is not clear to him

44. In the article, the underlined word "productivity" means_________.

A. the activity of producing something

B. the production volume in a time unit

C. the plan and the method of production

D. both the quantity and quality of a product

45. The best title for this passage may be_________.

A. "how to make workers enjoy life better"

B. "how to make workers work for shorter hours"

C. "how to make workers more productive"

D. "how to make jobs more interesting for workers"

C

Mrs Smith's husband went off on a business trip to Australia. He wanted to catch the 3:30 plane to Darwin. She was very surprised when he telephoned her at 5 o'clock and said that he was still at the airport.

"What happened?" asked Mrs Smith.

"Well," said Mr Smith, "everything was going fine. I got my ticket, checked my luggage and waited in line at the gate. I walked across the runway to the airplane and I saw my friend Jack Scott. Jack was an airplane engineer. I shouted to him and a policeman caught me."

"Why did he catch you?"

"I don't know," said Mr Smith," All I said was 'Hi, Jack! '"

The word "hijack" means "to take control of a plane by force".

46. Why did Mr Smith want to fly to Australia?

Because____________.

A. he was an Australian businessman

B. he was leaving for Australia on business

C. his wife wanted him to

D. he wanted" to see his wife

47. Mrs Smith was very surprised because

A. Mr Smith didn't arrive in Darwin

B. Mr Smith telephoned her later

C. Mr Smith didn't leave the airport

D. Mr Smith was in Darwin

48. Mr Smith couldn't get on the plane because

A. he met with his friend Jack

B. he didn't get the ticket

C. there was something wrong with the airplane engine

D. he was stopped by a policeman

49. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The police didn't know Mr Smith was Jack Scott's friend.

B. Jack Scott worked as an airplane engineer.

C. The policeman misunderstood Mr Smith.

D. Mr Smith knew why the policeman caught him.

50. Why was Mr Smith caught by the policeman?

A. Because he didn't keep silence at the airport.

B. Because he greeted an airport engineer named Jack.

C. Because the pronunciation of "Hi, Jack" has another frightful meaning.

D. Because the policeman didn't know English.

D

If you are invited to a party by the Austrians and the suggested dress is "informal(非正式的)" (usually marked in the lower left-hand comer of the invitation) , it may mean dark suit and a white shirt for men and cocktail dress( 短短服) for women. Or again, may mean something considerably less formal. "Formal" means a black tie and evening dress for men and a floor-length dress for women. If a man is in doubt(拿不准) about what to wear, he may come slightly overdressed and then take his coat and tie off when he sees that others are wearing sports shirts. National dress is always acceptable.

51. If a lady receives an invitation marked with "formal", she should wear

A. a long dress B. a cocktail dress

C. a short dress D. a dark suit

52. Suppose you are a man invited to an informal party by an Austrian, you'd

better .

A. wear dark clothes and dark suit

B. dress yourself in a dark suit and a white shirt

C. wear a coat and so on

D. wear sports shirts

53. The general idea of this passage is .

A. men and women should be dressed differently

B. national dress is always useful

C. what to wear if a person is invited to an Austrian party

D. men and women should dress themselves beautifully

54. The meaning of "overdressed" is .

A. dressing oneself a little too formally

B. dressing oneself a floor-length dress

C. wearing one's tie

D. dressing a sports shirt

Keys: 1-5 DADCB 6-10 ADDCC 11-15 BCCBC 16-20 DBBAD

21-25 CCACD 26-30 DACBC 31-35 DABAD

36-40 DADBC 41-45 CDDBC 46-50 BCDDC

51-54 ABCA

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