"The endotoxin(内毒素) released by the bacterium can activate(激活) a gene that helps produce fat. And it also deactivates a gene that consumes fat," Zhao says.

Scientists have long believed that microscopic organisms in the gut, microbiota, may play a very important role in weight gain, but they had never been able to prove it.

In 2004, American microbiologist Jeffrey Gordon and his colleagues discovered a general link between obesity and gut microbiota in mice.

While a link was believed to exist, proving it was another matter.

"The list of diseases that they may play a role in is just growing and growing," says Lita Proctor, director of the US National Institutes of Health. "But the problem is that we're only able to look at associations and aren't yet able to conduct cause-and-effect studies."

In the clinical study, researchers found a growth of too much endotoxin-producing bacteria,

leading t0 35 percent ofthe gut bacteria, in an obese patient whose initial weight was 175 kg.

Based on this information, researchers tried to cure the patient by feeding him a specialized

nutritional liquid food to decrease the bacteria in his guts to ignorable amounts.

After 23 weeks, the patient lost 51.4 kg, with his fatty liver disease having almost disappeared.

36. We diet strictly after the year-end overeating because________.

A. we won't betray ourselves

B. we eat too much turkey

C. there are bacteria in our guts

D. we don't want to look fat

37. What can be learned from Zhao's research?

A. Obesity is related to a kind of bacteria.

B. Healthy diet helps reduce your fat.

C. Chocolate doesn't cause weight gain.

D. Too much food leads to overweight.

38. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Scientists didn't try to find out the cause of overweight.

B. There is a link between mice's overweight and human's.

C. Lita proved the link between bacteria and weight gain.

D. Scientists found bacteria may be related to many diseases.

39. The patient finally lost 51.4 kg of his weight after ______.

A. 35 percent of his gut bacteria were killed

B. the amount of gut bacteria was decreased

C. he had a special kind ofoperation

D. his fatty liver had disappeared

40. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. People's eating habits.

B. Healthy lifestyles.

C. A medical discovery.

D. The consequence of obesity.

D

Several years ago, I had to replace a receptionist for my unit. Before I advertised for the position, I was approached by another manager, and asked ifl would consider a transfer from his staffinstead of opening a new competition. My natural question was to ask who he wanted me to consider and why.

It appeared from his description of this employee, Maria, that she was having a lot of problems performing her duties, and had difficulties with her boss, and did not appear to respond to any attempts he, the manager, had made to settle the issues. Now, after listening to his explanation, I really had severe doubts. What crossed my mind, after this discussion, was that he wanted me to take a problem off his hands.

I told him I would think about it and would let him know the next day. As promised, after   thinking more about this potential performance issue, I decided that I would agree to speak with      Maria privately before I made any decision.

And, what I found out during this interview, left me deep in thought. As it tumed out, the    performance issue appeared to result from working for a boss who never extended a good morning.   greeting, never gave a word of encouragement, and was constantly changing the work load and    routines. The end result was a totally ruined employee who was unconfident, hated to see a new work day start.

I decided to accept her transfer to my unit. What started out as a shy, withdrawn and frightened employee turned out to be one of the most productive and loyal employee that I had eyer worked with. Maria couldn't do enough and was constantly asking for more and for more responsibility. I was morethan happy to give her what she needed-praise for work well done, respect as a person, and encouragement for doing well in anything she dealt with.

Sometimes, we are guilty of holding others back from accomplishing or doing, or developing as they should or could. It may be a wise idea that we all look in the mirror, from time to time, to seewhat we are really like.

41. What can we leam about the writer from the first paragraph?

A. He is a manager in the company.

B. He doesn't like his receptionist.

C. He likes to compete with others.

D. He wants to find another position.

42. After hearing his colleague's description of Maria, the writer thought that Maria_______.

A. attempted to settle the issues

B. was a problem to her boss

C. shouldn't stay in the company

D. could get on well with others

43. Why did Maria fail to perform well in her previous job?

A. Her previous job was not suitable for her.

B. She had difficulty responding to her manager.

C. Her boss didn't inspire her working enthusiasm.

D. Her boss showed no trust in her ability.

44. The writer accepted Maria's transfer to unit probably because he thought that

A. she was a ruined employee

B. she would need his protection

C. she would turn out to be a good employee

D. she was a shy and frightened employee

45. The writer probably believes that a good boss should____.

A. praise and award his employees a lot

B. respect, praise and encourage his employees

C. greet his employees and give them much work

D. always give his employees guidance in working

第二节信息匹配(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请将答案填涂在答题卡标号为46~50的相应位置上.

首先，请阅读以下职位招聘信息：

请阅读以下人员信息，然后匹配人员与相关职位：

46. Theresa Gower (aged 21)

Has just finished college with a degree in Mathematics. Studied French in high school. Can drive and has a pleasant, outgoing personality. Is willing to do anything for a few months as long as it is interesting. Caring and patient. Likes animals.

47. Martin Badger (aged 27)

Seven years of working experience as a teacher in a public school and two years in this network corporation. Got degrees both in Maths and computer engineering. Tired of the present job in the corporation now. Would like ajob back at school, no matter teaching or something else.

48. Carol Simpson (aged 21)

Graduated from high school at 18 with good grades in all subjects, especially math and science.   Now works as a receptionist for an advertising agency but doesn't find it very interesting.        Optimistic about things. Gets along well with all kinds ofpeople and would like to travel.

49. Paul Edison (aged 22)

Has just graduated from a university. Got a degree in French and can speak good Spanish and       English as well. Is an ambitious man who really wishes to succeed in his future. Can communicate  well with others. Now seeking a suitable post.

50. Mike Lopez (aged 27)            .

Now employed as a television repair serviceman but wants something better. Speaks Spanish well. Is a good conversationalist and is very intelligent. Will work long hours, day and/or night, but must have weekends free for his family.

高三下册英语试卷

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2014高三英语试卷下册