【小题3】The passage is mainly about _______.

A.bathing in the USA

B.the good points and bad points of bathing

C.the history of bathing

D.the modern medical bathing

17、A glass a day keeps obesity at bay.Alcohol has always been thought to cause weight gain because of its high sugar content，but new research suggests a glass a day could form part of a diet.Looking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weight;those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.

A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says，“Light to moderate alcohol intake，especially of wine，may be more likely to protect against，rather than promote，weight gain”.The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol Research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions，particularly that current data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.

Boston University’s Dr.Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制)relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood.His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病)，which relate to increasing obesity.Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.

The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat，and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods.They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks，taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight.

For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese.What’s more，a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine，destroys fat cells.

【小题1】The passage is mainly for those__________.

A.who produce wine

B.who have a drinking habit

C.who go on a diet

D.who are eager to lose weight

【小题2】The underlined phrase“in moderation”in the first paragraph means_________.

A.excitedly B.carefully C.properly D.frequently

【小题3】What can we learn from the passage?

A.Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.

B.Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat.

C.The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear.

D.The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.

【小题4】What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?

A.How to do some easy experiments.

B.How to reduce the calories contained in wine.

C.How to make wine in a healthy way.

D.How to prove the finding mentioned above.

18、PART THREE   READING  PREHENSION

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.

A

With school out and hot weather in, it’s not unusual for youngsters to gather around the refrigerator or the television rather than take part in active play. Such habits may be relaxing but can wreck a healthy lifestyle, say specialists at Texas Children’s Hospital.

“For some kids, the state of feeling bored triggers(引发)eating,” says Jennifer Thomas, a doctor at Texas Children’s Hospital in Houston, Texas. “A child can pick up 5 to 10 pounds over the course of a summer, so it’s important to recognize the difference between boredom(无聊)and hunger.”

Because children may be adjusting(适应)to lack of routine, adding some structure to their daily schedules can help. “For example, instead of letting kids eat while they watch television, permit eating only in the kitchen with the television turned off,” says Thomas. “This way can help determine if they are really hungry or just bored.”

If hunger causes a snack attack, nutritious snacks should be available(可得到的)and easy to reach, says Thomas. She suggests two or more servings of fruit and three or more servings of vegetables as a reasonable(合情理的)daily goal. Thomas says, “Fresh or frozen fruit is better than fruit juice. Fresh or frozen vegetables are better because canned vegetables usually contain salt.”

In general, kids should avoid snacks with high sugar content, says Thomas. “More importantly, if a sugary snack takes the place of healthier food, the child is not getting the nutrition he or she needs. High-fat food tends to make a child feel worried, while eating foods that are naturally lower in fat will make it easier for kids to feel more energetic and stay on the go.”

【小题1】What can help to stop children from eating because of boredom?

A.Giving them a daily schedule.

B.Giving them a lot of snacks.

C.Preventing them from watching TV.

D.Making them eat a lot of fruits.

【小题2】What kind of snacks should we give children?

A.Fruit juice.

B.Frozen fruit.

C.Canned vegetables.

D.Snacks rich in sugar.

【小题3】Foods that are naturally lower in fat are necessary for children because _______.

A.they help children lose weight

B.they help children get necessary nutrition

C.they stop children from getting bored

D.they make children active and energetic

【小题4】We can infer from the text that _______.

A.it’s hard to tell the difference between boredom and hunger

B.children may get bored for lack of routine in summer

C.we should limit children’s eating while they’re watching TV

D.nutritious snacks should be available at any time

【小题5】The underlined word “wreck” in Paragraph 1 probably means“_______”.

A.improve B.change C.ruin D.include

19、Roughly half of college students will have some degree of depression at some point during their time in school. Even more startling, 6.2 percent of college students surveyed in 2012 considered suicide and 1.3 percent attempted it, according to an American College Health Association study released this spring. If you’re feeling depressed on campus, you may find the following tips helpful.

Exercise: Physical activity releases endorphins – chemicals that produce an overall positive feeling within the body, which fight depression naturally. Mental health experts claim that exercise is a solution to those feeling mild or moderate depression. However, for those severely depressed, simply doing sports is not enough.

Use school counseling services: Campuses don’t employ mental health experts simply to throw thousands of dollars down the drain. Their job is to help students, so experts recommend you use them. Most students, however, are hesitant to take a trip to their college’s counseling center, fearing being laughed at by peers. As a result, some schools like Texas Christian University, are testing students for mental health problems when they get sick and visit the campus health clinic.

Take advantage of technology: Staying in touch with family members and friends from childhood and high school has become easier than ever with the coming of Facebook and video chat services like Skype. While mental health experts insist that it’s important to make friends in your new environment and be involved in the college community, it’s also significant to keep in touch with the people you knew before college.

Go to sleep: Following a fairly regular sleep pattern can defend you against depression. In college, many students’ sleep patterns are irregular thanks to late-night studying and partying, which is harmful to their mental health. Research strongly suggests that sleep is the key to learning and memory formation.

【小题1】According to the passage, physical activity __________ .

A.is regarded as the best way to fight depression

B.contributes to the release of endorphins

C.can’t help the seriously depressed students

D.improve people’s ability to learn and memorize

【小题2】It can be inferred from the 3rd paragraph that __________ .

A.employing mental health experts on campus is a waste of money

B.students with mental health problems can’t get on well with others

C.going to college’s counseling center for help requires a lot of courage

D.sick students in Texas Christian University must take psychological tests

【小题3】Taking advantage of technology is encouraged because it ____

A.enables students to get involved in college life

B.helps students stay in contact with others

C.offers students a way to make new friends

D.provides a way to avoid getting bored

【小题4】which of the following can NOT help one reduce depression?

A.Taking exercise regularly every week

B.Chatting with old friends with Skype

C.Turning to mental health experts for advice

D.Holding parties deep into the night to relax

20、Lights Out at Bedtime

There are plenty of good reasons to power up a personal desktop or laptop computer in the evening — writing e-mails，chatting on social networks or making purchases over the Internet，for instance.But various studies indicate that people who stare at a PC’s bright monitor shortly before going to bed probably sleep less soundly than they would otherwise because the light seriously affects their natural wake-sleep cycle."They haven't proved it though，" says Dieter Kunz，the team's director at Charite's Psychiatric Clinic in St.Hedwig's Hospital in Berlin.

Similarly，exposure to just 10 minutes of normal bathroom lighting is enough to free the sleep hormone melatonin，which regulates people's natural wake-sleep cycle and makes them sleepy at nightfall.

Ten years ago，a team of British and American researchers detected a photo-pigment(光敏色素) in the human eye that signals to the body whether it is day or night，summer or winter.The photo-pigment is especially sensitive to blue light.

"The blue light more or less tells the body，'It's daytime，be awake，'" Kunz says.Monitors have a mostly cold white light content and scientists suspect the photo-pigment may react similarly to it.So the longer people look into the bright light，the more awake they become - and then sleep poorly.

A lot of people have difficulty "switching off" in the evening.About half of the women in Germany and a quarter of the men sleep poorly.

Environmental factors are only one of the possible causes.Job stress as well as personal and health concerns are also the main reasons for their sleep problems.

In addition，electronic objects' standby lights and indicator lamps can be annoying in the dark and affect sleep."Sound scientific evidence is still lacking on this matter，" Kunz notes.

According to Kunz，those who cannot go without their computer in the evening should turn down the blue content if possible and lower the brightness somewhat."But nobody does that because，after all，you want to concentrate while working at the computer and the light helps the brain."

【小题1】The passage is mainly about ____________.

A.natural wake-up cycles

B.the effect of light on sleep

C.personal and health concerns

D.functions of computer monitors

【小题2】The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to_____.

A.normal bathroom lighting

B.10-minute exposure to lighting

C.the release process of a chemical

D.a chemical affecting one’s sleep cycle

【小题3】We can learn from the passage that ______.

A.the blue light has a calming effect.

B.the photo-pigment tells people day or night

C.women in Germany use computers more often than men

D.it has been proved that standby lights affect people’s sleep

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