2)瞬间动词用于完成时态时不能跟表示一段时间的状语。 例如， 我们要表达“他的父亲去世 好几年了。 ”不能说： grandfather has

died for several years.而应该说： father grandfather His His has bee dead for several

years.或者：His grandfather died several years ago.或者：It is/ has been several years

since his grandfather died. 再如，我们不能用 He has joined the army for three

years.来表达“他参军三年了。”而应说： He has been in the army for three years.或者：He has been a

soldier for three years.或者：He joined the army three years ago.也可以说 It is/ has

been three years since he joined the army. 二、现在完成进行时 1.动词形式 现在完成进行时由 have (has)

+ been + 现在分词构成。

2.现在完成进行时的基本用法：

1)表示动作从过去某时开始一直延续到现在，没有中断。 Grace has been waiting for me for half an hour.

(格雷丝已经等我半小时了。) (动作尚在继续) The satellite has been sending back signals as well as

photographs ever since. (自那时起卫星一 直不断地向地球发回信号和照片。) (动作尚在继续) Aaron has been

teaching English ever since graduation. (毕业以后，艾伦一直在教英语。) (还 在教)

2)表示动作从过去到现在一直不断重复、断断续续。 I have been saying good-bye to my colleagues these

days. (这些天我一直在向我的同事们告 别。) My parents have been telling me to work hard since I

went to school. (自从我上学之后， 我的父 母亲不停地告诫我要好好学习。)

注：状态动词一般不用于现在完成进行时。若要表示动作的延续性，只能用现在完成时。

3.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：

1)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的影响。 I have thought it over.

(我已经仔细考虑过这件事了。) I have been thinking it over. (我一直在反复考虑这件事。)

2)现在完成进行时比现在完成时更具感情色彩。 I have been waiting for you for two hours.

(我已经等你两小时了。) (有责备的口气) I have waited for you two hours. (我已经等你两个小时了。) (说明一个客观事实)

三、过去完成时 1.动词形式 过去完成时由 had + 过去分词构成

2.过去完成时的用法

1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生、完成的动作或存在的状态。 I had worked as a worker for five years

before I became a teacher. (在我成为教师之前， 我已经 当了五年的工人。) By the end of last year, I

had already learnt 5,000 English words. (到去年年底，我已学会了 5,000 个英文单词。)

2)动词的过去完成时可以用于表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事，常用的动词有：intend, hope, want, mean, suppose,

expect, think 等。 I had intended to meet you at the airport, but someone came to

see me just when I was about to leave. (我本来要到机场去接你的，可在我出门时有人来看我。)

I had wanted to lend you some money, but you didn't ask. (我本打算借你一些钱的，但你没开

口。)