英语属于印欧语系中日耳曼语族下的西日耳曼语支，并通过英国的殖民活动传播到世界各地。精品学习网为大家推荐了高一英语下册第四单元词汇短语，请大家仔细阅读，希望你喜欢。

1.respond vi.回答，答复;响应，作出反应

response n. 回答，回复;反应

respond to sb./sth.回答(比 answer, reply to正式)

respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用……回应某人(事)

respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应

response to sb./sth. (对人/物)的回答/回复/反应

in response to 作为对……的反应

[即学即练1](1)They still haven't ____________ my letter.

他们至今仍没有回我的信。

(2)He ____________ my suggestion ________ a laugh/______ laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。

(3)His illness didn't ____________ treatment by drugs.

他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。

(4)My mother opened the door ____________________ the knock, but there was no one outside.

听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。

responded to

responded   to

with

by

respond to

in response to

2.certain adj. 确定的;无疑的;某(种)

(1)作“某(种)”讲时，同义于 some。但 some 前不加冠词。

for a certain reason=for some reason 由于某种原因

certain professors=some professors 某些教授

a certain amount of time 相当一段时间

(2)作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，同义于 sure。但是 certain 的主语既可以是人，也可用于It is certain that...句型，而 sure 主语只能是人。

“be certain/sure+从句”(人)有把握/确信……(表示主

语的信念)

be certain/sure of/about sth. (人)确信(表示主语的信念)

be certain/sure to do sth. 必定/肯定会做某事(主语常

为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念)

“make certain/sure+从句”弄清楚/确保……

make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚

for certain/sure 确定地，确切地(做状语)

It is certain that... 一定会……(不能用 sure)

[即学即练2](1)There was _________________ in his manner.他的态度有点冷淡。

(2)Are you ____________________ it?你对此有把握吗?

(3)He is __________________ his duty.

他肯定会尽职。

(4)_________________ he has wronged me.

我确信他冤枉了我。

(5)_________________ their team will win the match.

他们队肯定会赢得比赛。

a certain coldness

certain    about/of

certain    to     do

I’m   certain   that

It’s  certain   that

3.contain vt. 包含;容纳(=hold);抑制(=control)

[即学即练3](1)His paper ___________ no mistakes at all.

他的试卷没有一点错误。

(2)Orange juice ____________ things which help keep you healthy.

橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。

(3)This bottle ___________ two glasses of beer.

这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。

(4)He couldn't ____________ for joy.他不胜欢喜。

contained

contains

contains

contain himself

4.affect vt.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭

be greatly/deeply affected　很/深受感动

be affected by heat/cold　中暑/着凉

be affected with high fever　发高烧

[即学即练4](1)The amount of rain ______ the growth of crops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。

(2)One of her lungs ____________ a little so that she has to rest.她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。

(3)The audience ____________________ by his speech.

听众被他的演讲深深打动了。

affects

is    affected

were deeply affected

5.appreciate vt. 欣赏;感激;喜欢

appreciation n. 欣赏;感激

appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人

appreciatedoing sth.感激做某事

one/one's doing sth.感激某人做某事

I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将不胜感激。

[即学即练5](1)He highly __________________________.

他非常感谢他的帮助。

(2)We shall ___________________________ you again.

我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。

(3)I really ____________________________ to the party.

你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。

(4)I would ______________________ you could help me.

如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。

appreciated   his    help

appreciate   hearing   from

appreciate   your     coming

appreciate   it    if

6.succeed v.成功

success n. [U]成功;成就 [C]成功的人或事

successful adj. 成功的

successfully adv. 成功地

succeed in doing sth.

have success in doing sth.

be successful in doing sth.成功做某事

achieve great success 取得巨大的成功

sb./sth. is a success 成功的人或事

[即学即练6](1)We all _____________________ the mid-term examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。

(2)Failure is the mother of __________.失败是成功之母。

(3)He was _________________________ as a novelist.

他是非常成功的小说家。

succeeded   in    passing

success

a   success

7.harm vt. & n.损害;危害

harmful adj.有害的

be harmful to=do harm to

do sb. harm=do harm to sb.对……有害

There is no harm in doing sth.

=It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.

做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。