11. make up化妆;化装;捏造，虚构(故事，诗等)

拓展 make up for补偿 be made up of=consist of由……组成 make for有利于做成某事，有助于做成某事;走向;冲向 make it及时赶到;成功 make it up和解;讲和 make known使知晓;传达 make out理解;懂得;辨认出 She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party.她在聚会前用了一个小时化妆。 Stop making things up! 不要胡编了!

(1)单项填空 In Singapore, a southeastern Asian country, the Chinese people               the largest percentage of its population, so you can speak Chinese there.      A. make up      B. take up     C. hold up   D. turn up  (2)完成句子  ①讲究卫生有助于身体健康。 Cleanliness                      good health. ②我们需要50美元以补足所需要的数目。 We need $50 to                the sum required. ③那位经理的字迹很难辨认。 It was difficult to               the manager’s handwriting.解析：  (1) 选A。考查短语辨析。make up意为“编造，弥补，组成，构成”;         take up意为“拿起来，占据(时间或空间)”;         hold up 意为“阻止”;        turn up意为“开大，调高，出现”。 (2) ①makes for  ②make up  ③make out

12. after all毕竟，终究

拓展 at all根本，完全;到底，究竟;既然 not at all一点也不 in all总共，共计 above all首先;最重要的是 first of all首先 all in all总之 Don’t get discouraged by setbacks, we are new to the work after all.别因挫折而灰心,毕竟我们不熟悉这项工作。 He did come after all. 他终究还是来了。

单项填空 ①The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings;             , it caused 20 deaths.

A. or else           B. therefore    C. after all        D. besides ②I’d like to buy a house—modern, comfortable, and             in a quiet neighbourhood.          A. in all                         B. above all

C. after all                    D. at all解析： ①选D。由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“另外，除此之外”，只有D项与句意相符。 ②选B。考查“介词+all”的短语辨析。句意为：我想买一座房子——时尚、舒适，最重要的是社区要安静。in all 总共;above all 最重要的是;after all 毕竟;at all根本。   13. deal with处理;安排;对付

辨析 do with/deal with表示“怎样处理”时，do with常与连接代词what连用，而deal with常与连接副词how连用。这两个短语在意思上有细微的差别。一般来说，do with意为“处置;忍受;相处;有关”等。 deal with意义很广，意为“对付;应付;处理;安排;论述;涉及;与……打交道/做生意”等。

How are you going to deal with the problem? 你们打算怎样处理这个问题呢? Such man is difficult to deal with. 这种人不容易相处。 I’ve dealt with him for ten years.我和他做生意已经10年了。 This book deals with the Middle East.这本书是关于中东问题的。 He didn’t know what to do with the property his father had left. 他不知道如何处理他父亲留下的财产。 I can’t do with the loud noise. 我无法忍受那种噪音。

单项填空 ①It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows            .          A. it what to do with   B. what to do it with C. what to do with it   D. to do what with it ②He knows            to deal with man but when he meets women, he doesn’t know            to do.   A. what; how               B. what; what   C. how; what               D. how; how解析：  ①选C。what to do (with it)为固定结构，意为“如何处理……”，意思等同于how to deal (with it)。“疑问词+不定式”作knows的宾语。 ②选C。作“对待，处理”讲时，do with 和deal with同义，deal with与how搭配，do with与what搭配。

14. watch over看守;监视;照看

Could you watch (over) my clothes while I have a swim?我游泳时你能帮我看着我的衣服吗? He felt that God was watching over him.他感觉到上帝保佑着他。

watch out (for)当心，注意 watch for sb./sth.观察;等待 keep a watch on监视 under the close watch在严密监视下

翻译句子 ①他们等待着进一步的发展。 ②小心!汽车来了。答案：  ①They are watching for further developments. ②Watch out! There’s a car coming.

重点句型

15. ①so ...that ...意为 “如此……以至于……”。     ②such+    a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that-clause                       adj.+复数名词+that-clause                       adj. +不可数名词+that-clause

Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情!

She’s so ill that she can’t get out of bed.她病得很重，都下不了床了。 These are such interesting books that children like to read them. 这些书很有趣，孩子们喜欢读。

提示 so that既可以表达结果，又可以表达目的，表目的时相当于in order that。 I stopped so that you could catch up.我停下来以便你能赶得上。 “so ...that ...”结构中的“so+adj./adv.”位于句首时，主句要倒装。 So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.他工作那么努力，几乎不回家。 “such ...as ...”中的as引导的是一个定语从句。

单项填空 —What a beautiful day! —Yes, it’s             that I’d like to take a walk. A. such nice weather   B. so a nice weather C. too nice weather      D. nice weather so解析：选A。因为此处weather是中心词，但它为不可数名词，所以不能加冠词。

Before作为连词的用法

重点句法：

It took nearly two hundred yearsbefore I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.

此句是 It+be/take+时间段+before句型

若主句是一般过去时从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定句翻译成“多长时间之后才”，若主句是否定形式翻译成“没过多久就”。所以，此句翻译为：差不多过了200年后，查尔斯.巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。

Before作为连词的用法

其基本含义是“在……之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就……”、“趁……”、“就”等。具体用法如下：

1、用于It+be/take+时间段+before句型

在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。

A) 若主句是一般将来时态，从句是一般现在时。

若主句是肯定句意思是“要过多长时间才”;

若主句是否定形式译成“用不了多久就”。

It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal.两周之后一切才能恢复正常。

It will be many years before the situation improves.这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。

It won't be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。

It won't be 10 years before we catch up with the developed countries.用不了10年我们就会赶上发达国家的。

B)这时若主句是一般过去时从句也是一般过去时。

若主句是肯定句翻译成“多长时间之后才”，若主句是否定形式译成“没过多久就”。如：

It took nearly two hundred years beforeI was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.差不多过了200年后，查尔斯.巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。

It was some time before I realized the truth. 过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。

It was three years before I realized the importance of English. 过了三年时间我才意识到了英语的重要性。

After that it still took seven years before they got married. 他们又过了七年才结婚。

It wasn't long before she became a brave solider. 没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。

注意：当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，before与until有时可以互换。

It was an hour before/until the police arrived.

2、 before与情态动词can/could连用

这时候从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”，如：

Before I could get in a word，he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。

Before she could move，she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar.她还没来得及迈步，就听见一声巨响，接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。

3、before用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间、距离长，或花费的精力大，译成“才”

We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。

We waited a long time before the train arrived. 我们等了很长时间火车才到。

The Civil War lasted four years before the North won.

4、before用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间距离短，或花费的精力小，译成“不到……就”如：

We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。

5、before用在“主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否定副词”的句中时，可以译为“刚……就”。句型是：

We had hardly done ...when...did

这时候主句应用过去完成时态，从句用过去时，还可以用when替代before如：

We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.我们刚到学校铃声就响了。

=Had we  scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.

6)用在含有before的主从复合句中用在含有before的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用一般过去时，主句中使用过去完成时。例如：         Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping.有时，也可以在从句中用过去完成时，主句中用一般过去时，这样就可使描述更为生动。试比较：      We got to the station before the train had left. 火车尚未开动之前，我们就到了车站。      We had got to the station before the train left. 火车开出之前，我们就已经到了车站。像after一样， before本身就能明确地表示时间的先后关系，故多数主从句均使用一般过去时，而无需使用过去完成时。例如：，Many people left for home before the film ended.电影尚未放完，许多人就起身回家了。

连接：

by， before， when， until, after 在过去完成时态中应用

7、We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.有时还有“宁愿”的意思

I'd shoot myself before I apologized to him.我宁死也不向他道歉。

⒈(2009天津)It was evening ________ we reached the little town of Winchester.

A.that   B.until   C.since   D.before

2.(2008全国)Several weeks had gone by ________ realized the painting was missing.

A.as B.before C.since D.when

3.(2008广东)The America Civil War lasted four years ______ the North won in the end.

A.after B.before C.when D.then

4.(2005山东)It was some time _______ we realized the truth.

A.when B.until C.since D.before

5.(2009四川)-Why didn‘t you tell him about the meeting?

-He rushed out of the classroom _______ I could say a word.

A.before B.until C.when D.after

6.(2010福建)-How long do you think it will be __ china sends a manned spaceship to the moon?

-Perhaps two or three years.

Awhen B.until C.that D.before

参考答案：DBBDAD

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