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高中英语形容词副词语法归纳

编辑:sx_wangha

2012-09-14

1. 形容词、副词

形容词和副词,届届高考必考。命题者或在单项选择或在完形填空或在短文改错或在动副词组中对形容词、副词给予了考查。特别是它们的比较级的用法,高考考得尤其多。学习形容词、副词的用法千万要掌握:

1. as… as… 之间务必要用形容词、副词的原级。

2. more 后绝不可接形容词、副词的比较级(去掉 more 或改 more 为 much 等)。

3. 形容词、副词不可单独作谓语(应在形、副之前加上适当的系动词)。

4. 倍数位于形容词或副词的原级或比较级之前。

5. 否定词和比较级连用表达最高级意义。

比如:

Our classroom isn’t as big as theirs.

Our classroom is much bigger than theirs.

Our classroom is very big.

Our classroom is three times as big as theirs.

Our classroom is twice bigger than theirs.

In our school, no other classroom is larger than ours.

(= Our classroom is the largest (one) in our school.)

2. 形容词、副词的功能

形容词不可单独作谓语,必须与某个系动词一起构成系表结构式谓语。形容词单独作谓语这一错误用法,高考常在短文改错中表现出来,考生务必要留心注意。副词也不可单独作谓语,它作谓语时,其前也要加系动词。

单个形容词作前置定语(enough 修饰名词时例外,它既可前置,亦可后置),但副词(即使是单个副词)修饰名词作定语时,一律要后置。

单个形容词修饰不定代词时,必须后置。

This is an interesting book.

I have enough books for everyone. = I have books enough for everyone.

Let’s get up. The lights are on.

Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.

形容词短语修饰名词时,与副词修饰名词一样,必须后置。

Do you know the boy tall enough to reach the ceiling?

On his way home, he looked up and saw the light above shaking.

形容词除了作定语、表语外,还可充当补语、状语;副词的作用功能也一样。

Many people like to sleep with windows open even in winter.

The news that our class had won the final game made us happy.

The old died happy.

The glass fell to the ground, broken and the old man fell to the floor, dead.

Afraid of being beaten, the girl was afraid to go home.

Sometimes even in the daytime I find the lights in their office on.

3.  形容词、副词的比较等级

1. 形容词比较级、最高级的构成

(1) 单音节和少数双单节形容词

原级

比较级

最高级

构成方法

Great

Clever

Greater

Cleverer

Greatest

Cleverest

一般的单音节及少数双单节词,在词尾加上-er 或 -est

Brave

Simple

Braver

Simpler

Bravest

Simplest

词尾是不发音的 e,只加 –r 或 –st

Hot

Big

Hotter

Bigger

Hottest

Biggest

重读闭音节词尾是一个辅音字母,需重复该辅音字母,再加 –er 或 –est

Easy

early

Easier

earlier

Easiest

earliest

词尾是辅音加 y,先把 y 改为 i,再加 -er或 -est

(2) 多数多音节形容词,前面加more或most。

原级

比较级

最高级

useful

More useful

Most useful

important

More important

Most important

(3) 少数形容词不规则的构成

原级

比较级

最高级

Good好的

Well健康的

better

Best

Bad 坏的

Ill病的

worse

Worst

Many许多

Much许多

more

Most

Little,few少

less

Least

Far远的

Farther更远的

Further更进一步

Farthest furthest

最远的

Old老的,旧的

Older较老的,旧的

Elder较年长的

Oldest 最老的,旧的

Eldest最年长的

注意:

①少数多音节词加 -er,-est 或前面加 more,most 都可,形容词有pleasant,common,handsome,polite 等。如:

common-commoner/more common 更平常

②几个较特殊的词,如:shy,gay,gray 等应在原词后直接加 –er,-est。如:gray — grayer— grayest

③合成形容词比较级的构成只变形容词。如:

fine-looking — finer-looking — finest-looking

well-known — better-known — best-known

④由分词转化来的形容词比较级用 more,most。如:

interesting — more interesting — most interesting

3. 形容词比较级、最高级的用法

(1) 原级

句型I

如:

Tom is as tall as Mary.

汤姆和玛丽一样高。

This summer is not as hot as last summer.

今年夏天没有去年夏天那么热。

句型Ⅱ

如:

He is just as strong as ever.

他正如以前一样强壮。

Please come as soon as possible.

请尽快来。

句型Ⅲ

如:

She is the same age as my sister (is).

她和我姐妹一样年纪。

This picture is similar to that one.

这幅画同那幅画相像。

We think alike.

我们想法一致。

The two sisters are much alike.

姐妹俩很相像。

(2) 比较级

句型I

如:

This room is bigger than that one.

这间房比那间大。

She is less famous than I (am).

她不如我有名气。

句型Ⅱ

如:

It is getting warmer and warmer.

天气越来越暖和。

The more you have, the happier you will be.

你拥有的越多,你就会越高兴。

注意:该句型的紧缩式:The more, the better. 越多越好。

句型Ⅲ

如:

Mary is the taller or the two sisters.

两姐妹中玛丽较高些。

(3) 形容词比较级使用注意事项

①有些形容词无比较级

②注意不要用双料比较级,如不能说:more better.

③no 和比较级连用,no 含用 not at all 之意,如:no better = not better alt all,“一点没好到哪儿去”或“同……一样好”。

④有少数形容词比较级后不接 than,而接 to。如:

He is senior to me. (= older than I)

她比我大。

This book is superior to that. (= better than that)

这本书比那本好。

⑤同一人或不同人、物的不同性质的比较。不同性质相比的比较不可用“-er”,必须用“more…”。如:

两人的比较:She is as beautiful as Mary (is).

她和玛丽一样美。

一人自身比较:She is as beautiful as (she is) clever.

她不仅美丽而且聪明。

句型为:more A than B“与其说……,不如说……”。

⑥“more than”有时等 于 very。如:

They are more than glad to help.

他们非常乐意帮忙。

⑦形容词比较级可用下列词来修饰,表示程度。

如:

You are even more beautiful than before.

你比从前漂亮多了。

Have you any more paper?

你还有纸吗?

⑧“not +比较级”与“no +比较级”有区别。试比较:

He is not older than 30.

他还不到30岁。

He is no older than 30.

他过不了30岁。(也许30岁,也许不到)

⑨在“more… than”结构中,than 后有时接代词的主格与宾格,在意义上有差异。试比较:

Tom likes her better than he (likes her).

Tom likes her better than him (= he likes him).

第一句意为“汤姆比他(另一个人)更喜欢她”。第二句意为“汤姆喜欢她甚于喜欢他。”

⑩用比较级来表示最高级。如:

It couldn’t be safer.

再安全不过了。

She can’t be more beautiful.

她科美极了。

11要避免模糊不清的比较。如:I hope you can visit our city, because it is more beautiful.这句话省略了than短语。再如:The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.上海人口比北京多。句中的“than of ”不可省略,以说明两个比较对象。

(4) 最高级

句型I

如:

Mathematics is the least interesting of all the subjects.

所有科目中数学最没意思。

The youngest of the family was the richest.

家中最年轻的一位即是最富有的一位。

句型Ⅱ

如:

Tom is one of the best students in our class.

汤姆是我们班最好的学生之一。

He was one of the greatest presidents (that) we have (ever) had.

他是我们所见过的最伟大的总统之一。

(5) 形容词最高级使用注意事项

① 形容词最高级前省去 the 的情况:

形容词最高级前有物主代词。如:

My happiest day 我最高兴的一天

自身相比(不与他人、物相比)。如:

Fruits are best when they are fresh.

水果新鲜时最好。

意为“非常”(相当于very)。如:

He is most generous.

他非常慷慨。

② last 与 least 修饰名词时,有差导师。试比较:

He is the last man to have done that.

最不可能干这事的就是他。(last意为“最不……的”)

This is the least thing that I’ve done.

这是我所做的事中最微不足道的一件。(least 意为“最少、小”)

(6) 最高级形容词的惯用语

at (the) least 至少

at (the) most 至多(不过)

at best 充其量不过

at (the) worst 最坏不过

at last 终于

at (the) latest 最迟不过

at one’s best 在……的最好状态,全盛时期

for the most part 多半,大部分

do one’s best 尽全力

make the most of 尽量利用

标签:英语语法

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