4. Whose 的用法

whose是所有格，和物主代词一样，也有名词和形容词性质，但形式相同。如：

Whose loves are these?

这是谁的手套?(形容词性，作定语)

Whose are these gloves?

这手套是谁的?(名词性，作表语)

5. What 的用法

what也有名词和形容词性质，它的用法有：

(1) 用于疑问句。如：

What caused him to change his mind?

什么使他改变了主意?(作主语)

What is he?

他是干什么的?(作表语)

What did they sing the next room?

他们在隔壁唱的什么?(作动词宾语)

What did you come across in the bookstore?

你在书店里无意发现了什么?(作介词宾语)

What time will you come?

你什么时候来?(作定语)

what 除指人与物外，还可表示时间、数量等。如：

What day is today?

今天星期几?

(2) 用于修辞性疑问句及感叹句。如：

What does it matter?

这有什么关系?

What more do you want?

你还需要什么呢?(其含义是“你应该知足了”)

(3) 用于省略句。如：

Something is the matter, but I don’t know what.(= what it is )

总有点不对劲，但我不知道是什么。

6. Which 的用法

which 用于指物或人，也有名词和形容词性质。它的用法有：

Which subject is your best one?

你哪门功课学的最好?(单数，作定语)

Which would you like to eat- steak or fish?

你喜欢吃什么——牛排还是鱼?(单数，作宾语)

Which of you knows the answer?

你们中有谁知道答案?(单数，作主语)

7. 疑问代词的用法比较

(1) who 与 what 的区别：who 多指姓名、关系等，what 多指职业、地位等。如：

— Who is he?

他是谁?

— He is Jack.

他是杰克。

— What is he?

他是干什么的?

— He is a doctor.

他是个医生。

(2) who 与 which 的区别：

Who entered for the race?

谁报名参加了赛跑?(对人数未加限制)

Which of you entered for the race?

你们当中哪些人报名参加了赛跑?(对人数有限制)

(3) what 与 which 的区别：

What fruit do you like best?

你最喜欢什么水果?(不限制范围)

Which fruit do you like the best?

你最喜欢哪一种水果?(限制在一定范围内)

注意：但人们也常说：What will you have, beer or wine?(你喝什么，啤酒还是葡萄酒?)这是因为人们在一开始提问时并未想到有选择性。

6.  替代词

英语中替代词常用 it/one/that/as/so 等，其中 it、one、that 三个替代词都有其相应的复数 them/they、ones 和 those。

6.1. it 与 one

比较以下两组句子：

1. I bought a pen yesterday. But today I’ve lost it.

I lost a pencil yesterday, so today I’ve bought one.

2. I borrowed a story-book from Tina the other day. It was really interesting.

Li Fang’s reference book is very helpful. I’d like to buy another one.

很明显：it 替代上文中的同一个，而 one 只是替代上文中同一类的一个。

one 与 that

先看以下例句：

These flowers aren’t beautiful at all. Please show me another one.

I prefer a white cat to a black one.

Is a student from the country more honest than one from the city?

Is the student from the country more honest than the one from the city? that

The books in his drawer are far more interesting than the ones on the desk. those

The light of the sun is much stronger than that of the moon.

替代上文中被不定冠词修饰的名词，替代上文表泛指意义的名词，或名词只有前置定语修饰时，只能用 one/ones。

替代上文中不可数名词时，只能用 that。

替代上文中被定冠词修饰的可数名词时，one/those 可能通用，但 one(s) 前必须加定冠词 the。

1.3.7.2. it 与 which

请看以下两组句子：

1. Tom didn’t get married until thirty; it made his parents worried.

Tom didn’t get married until thirty, which made his parents worried.

2. Jim, the most hardworking student, didn’t pass the exam. It surprised us all.

Jim, the most hardworking student, didn’t pass the exam, which surprised us all.

显然，it(It) 连接两个独立或平行的句子;而 which 引导一定语从句。

1.3.7.3. as 与 which

仔细比较下列句子：

Mary was remarried, which/as was natural.

Mary was remarried, which made her parents less worried.

Linda was remarried, which was inglorious(不光彩).

Linda was remarried, as we had expected.

Mary was remarried, as we had expected.

As we had expected, Mary was remarried.

Don’t make such foolish mistakes as I’ve made.

Do you have the same dictionary as she has?

which 和 as 都可引导非限制性定语从句，替代上文中整个一句话的内容。

非限制性定语从句若是否定式，或从句含有消极意义，或从句是主谓宾(状/补)结构且缺主语等情况时，只能用 which。

若非限制性定语从句位于句首，或有“正如……，正像……，这一点”等意义，或先行词被 such，same 修饰时，那么替代词只能用 as。

7.  替代词 so

英语中，某些动词如 do，say，hear 或表看法的心理活动的动词 think，hope，believe，expect，suppose，guess，fear，be afraid 等以及特殊句型中，常用 so 替代上文中的内容或情况。

Who dared (to) say so then?

— The new teacher is very strict.

— I’ve heard so.

— Do you think we can get there in time?

— Yes, I think so. (No, I don’t think so.)

— Can you beat Class One?

— Yes, I believe so.

— Tom swims in the river every summer. — So do I.

— Tom swims in the river every summer. — So he does.

— Our teacher asked Tom to fetch some chalk. — He did so.

助动词

so +　 系动词 +主语 这一句型表示甲乙两个不同的对象具有相同的情况。

情态动词

助动词

so +主语+ 系动词　　这个句型表示甲陈述某一情况，听话人乙表示赞同甲的说法。

情态动词

助动词 主语+ 系动词 + so 　该句型是指甲吩咐、命令、叫乙去做某事，乙照办了之意义。