【摘要】英语语法对于学习英语也是非常重要的一部分，语法更是英语的交流写作基础。所以小编为您编辑了此文：“高考英语语法精讲：虚拟语气英语语法”，希望能给您带来帮助。

本文题目：高考英语语法精讲：虚拟语气英语语法

虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用

【经典例题】

1. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going.

A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent

C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented

2. If I had worn my overcoat, I _______cold.

A. won’t have caught B .couldn’t have caught

C. won’t catch D. wouldn’t catch

3.—If he ______ , he ______ that food.

—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken

4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother.

A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

【答案与解析】

1.A.本题考查虚拟语气。因为从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用would have +过去分词形式。

2.B.本题考查虚拟条件句中主句谓语动词的使用。因为从句用了过去完成时，可知主句谓语动词用would / could have +过去分词形式。根据句意，可知选B。

3.B. 根据答语，可知本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用would have +过去分词形式。

4.D. 根据句意“在会上我没有看到你的姐姐。如果她来的话，她就见到我哥哥了”可知，这是考查对过去事实的虚拟。主句用could have done，故从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时。

【重点归纳】

一、虚拟条件句的类别

虚拟条件句可分为三类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况;一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况;另一类是叙述与将来事实相反的情况。其主句和从句的谓语动词构成如下：

1. 与现在事实相反

条件从句用过去时(be动词的过去式一律用were)，主句用would (should/ might / could)+动词原形”。如：

If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party.

如果我是你的话，我将接受去舞会的邀请。

If I knew her well, I would tell you about her.

如果我很了解她的话，我将告诉你关于她的事情。

2. 与过去事实相反

条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would /should/ might / could + have +过去分词”, 如：

If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.

如果你昨天晚上在那儿的话，就没有什么事情发生了。

If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus.

如果我起得更早一些的话，就赶上头班车了。

3.与将来事实相反

条件从句用过去时或者“were to + 动词原形”或者“should+ 动词原形”，主句用“would (should/ might / could)+动词原形”, 如：

If it were Saturday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam.

如果明天是周六的话，我们就不考试了。

If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see Professor Smith.

如果你明天去参观学校的话，你就会看到史密斯教授。

If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until next Friday.

如果明天下雨的话，运动会将被推迟到下周五举行。

【特别提示】

在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词按照“后退一步法”使用，即：与现在事实相反，从句中用一般过去时;与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时;与将来事实相反，从句中用过去将来时。

二、虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装

如果if虚拟条件句中有were, had, 或者should等词时，可以省略if，把这些词放在主语前，形成倒装句。如：

If I should meet her (Should I meet her), I would tell her.