六、条件状语从句

连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.

if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。

unless = if not.

Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.

If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.

典型例题

You will be late ___ you leave immediately.

A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. or

答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.

七、让步状语从句

though, although

注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用

Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.

虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。

He is very old, but he still works very hard.

虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。

Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.

伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 (谚语)

典型例题

1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.

A. WhenB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. Unless

答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。

2)as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。

Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.

注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。

b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

= Though he tries hard, he never seems…

虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。

3)ever if, even though.即使

We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

4) whether…or-不管……都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

5)"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"

No matter what happened, he would not mind.

Whatever happened, he would not mind.

替换：no matter what = whatever

no matter who = whoever

no matter when = whenever

no matter where = wherever

no matter which = whichever

no matter how = however

注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

(错)No matter what you say is of no use now.

(对)Whatever you say is of no use now.

你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)

(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,

(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。

比较while, when, as

1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。

Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.

2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。

When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。

As the day went on, the weather got worse.

日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。

比较until和till

此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。

肯定句：

I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

Wait till I call you.等着我叫你。

(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)

否定句：

She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.

她直到6点才到。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.

公共汽车停稳后再下车。

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。

1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.

直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。

2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。

---Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候?

--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。

注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

(1)Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

(2)It is not until… that…

表示"一…就…"的结构

hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思，例：

I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.

I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.

As soon as I got home, it began to rain.

注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：

Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain

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